Chapter XLIX.

Let us see in what terms Celsus next addresses us:  “Besides, is it not most absurd and inconsistent in you, on the one hand, to make so much of the body as you do—to expect that the same body will rise again, as though it were the best and most precious part of us; and yet, on the other, to expose it to such tortures as though it were worthless?  But men who hold such notions, and are so attached to the body, are not worthy of being reasoned with; for in this and in other respects they show themselves to be gross, impure, and bent upon revolting without any reason from the common belief.  But I shall direct my discourse to those who hope for the enjoyment of eternal life with God by means of the soul or mind, whether they choose to call it a spiritual substance, an intelligent spirit, holy and blessed, or a living soul, or the heavenly and indestructible offspring of a divine and incorporeal nature, or by whatever name they designate the spiritual nature of man.  And they are rightly persuaded that those who live well shall be blessed, and the unrighteous shall all suffer everlasting punishments.  And from this doctrine neither they nor any other should ever swerve.”  Now, as he has often already reproached us for our opinions on the resurrection, and as we have on these occasions defended our opinions in what seemed to us a reasonable way, we do not intend, at each repetition of the one objection, to go into a repetition of our defence.  Celsus makes an unfounded charge against us when he ascribes to us the opinion that “there is nothing in our complex nature better or more precious than the body;” for we hold that far beyond all bodies is the soul, and especially the reasonable soul; for it is the soul, and not the body, which bears the likeness of the Creator.  For, according to us, God is not corporeal, unless we fall into the absurd errors of the followers of Zeno and Chrysippus.

Ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς οὕτως λεγόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ Κέλσου πρὸς ἡμᾶς· Ἔτι δὲ πῶς οὐκ ἄτοπα ὑμῶν ταῦτα, τὸ μὲν σῶμα ποθεῖν καὶ ἐλπίζειν ὅτι αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἀναστήσεται ὡς οὐδὲν ἡμῖν τούτου κρεῖττον οὐδὲ τιμιώτερον, πάλιν δ' αὐτὸ ῥίπτειν εἰς κολάσεις ὡς ἄτιμον; Ἀλλὰ τοῖς μὲν τοῦτο πειθομένοις καὶ τῷ σώματι συντετηκόσιν οὐκ ἄξιον τοῦτο διαλέγεσθαι· οὗτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἄγροικοι καὶ ἀκάθαρτοι καὶ χωρὶς λόγου τῇ στάσει συννοσοῦντες· τοῖς μήν γε τὴν ψυχὴν ἢ τὸν νοῦν–εἴτε πνευματικὸν τοῦτον ἐθέλουσι καλεῖν εἴτε πνεῦμα νοερὸν ἅγιον καὶ μακάριον εἴτε ψυχὴν ζῶσαν εἴτε θείας καὶ ἀσωμάτου φύσεως ἔκγονον ὑπερουράνιόν τε καὶ ἄφθαρτον εἴθ' ὅ τι καὶ ὅ τι χαίρουσιν ὀνομάζοντες–, τοῖς τοῦτο ἐλπίζουσιν ἕξειν αἰώνιον σὺν θεῷ, τούτοις διαλέξομαι. Τοῦτο μέν γε ὀρθῶς νομίζουσιν, ὡς οἱ μὲν εὖ βιώσαντες εὐδαιμονήσουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἄδικοι πάμπαν αἰωνίοις κακοῖς συνέξονται· καὶ τούτου δὲ τοῦ δόγματος μήθ' οὗτοι μήτ' ἄλλος ἀνθρώπων μηδείς ποτε ἀποστῇ. Περὶ ἀναστάσεως δὴ εἰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἤδη πολλάκις ὀνειδίζει, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς τὸ κατὰ τὸν τόπον ἡμῖν φανὲν εὔλογον, ὡς οἷόν τ' ἦν, παραστήσαντες οὐ μέλλομεν πρὸς ἓν ἔγκλημα πολλάκις λεγόμενον πολλάκις ἀπολογεῖσθαι. Συκοφαντεῖ δ' ἡμᾶς ὁ Κέλσος ὡς οὐδὲν τοῦ σώματος κρεῖττον οὐδὲ τιμιώτερον ἐν τῇ συστάσει ἡμῶν ἡγουμένους· ψυχὴν γὰρ παντὸς σώματος καὶ μάλιστα τὴν λογικήν φαμεν εἶναι πρᾶγμα τιμιώτερον, ἐπεὶ τὸ "κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ κτίσαντος" ψυχὴ μὲν χωρεῖ οὐδαμῶς δὲ τὸ σῶμα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ καθ' ἡμᾶς σῶμα ὁ θεός· ἵνα μὴ περιπέσωμεν οἷς περιπίπτουσιν ἀτόποις οἱ τὰ Ζήνωνος καὶ Χρυσίππου φιλοσοφοῦντες.