Chapter XVI.

I must express my surprise that Celsus should class the Odrysians, and Samothracians, and Eleusinians, and Hyperboreans among the most ancient and learned nations, and should not deem the Jews worthy of a place among such, either for their learning or their antiquity, although there are many treatises in circulation among the Egyptians, and Phœnicians, and Greeks, which testify to their existence as an ancient people, but which I have considered it unnecessary to quote.  For any one who chooses may read what Flavius Josephus has recorded in his two books, On the Antiquity37    [ἀρχαιότητος.  See Josephus’s Works, for the treatise in two books, usually designated, as written, Against Apion.  S.]of the Jews, where he brings together a great collection of writers, who bear witness to the antiquity of the Jewish people; and there exists the Discourse to the Greeks of Tatian the younger,38    [See vol. ii. pp. 80, 81.  S.] in which with very great learning he enumerates those historians who have treated of the antiquity of the Jewish nation and of Moses.  It seems, then, to be not from a love of truth, but from a spirit of hatred, that Celsus makes these statements, his object being to asperse the origin of Christianity, which is connected with Judaism.  Nay, he styles the Galactophagi of Homer, and the Druids of the Gauls, and the Getæ, most learned and ancient tribes, on account of the resemblance between their traditions and those of the Jews, although I know not whether any of their histories survive; but the Hebrews alone, as far as in him lies, he deprives of the honour both of antiquity and learning.  And again, when making a list of ancient and learned men who have conferred benefits upon their contemporaries (by their deeds), and upon posterity by their writings, he excluded Moses from the number; while of Linus, to whom Celsus assigns a foremost place in his list, there exists neither laws nor discourses which produced a change for the better among any tribes; whereas a whole nation, dispersed throughout the entire world, obey the laws of Moses.  Consider, then, whether it is not from open malevolence that he has expelled Moses from his catalogue of learned men, while asserting that Linus, and Musæus, and Orpheus, and Pherecydes, and the Persian Zoroaster, and Pythagoras, discussed these topics, and that their opinions were deposited in books, and have thus been preserved down to the present time.  And it is intentionally also that he has omitted to take notice of the myth, embellished chiefly by Orpheus, in which the gods are described as affected by human weaknesses and passions.

Θαυμάζω δέ, πῶς Ὀδρύσας μὲν καὶ Σαμόθρᾳκας καὶ Ἐλευσινίους καὶ Ὑπερβορέους ἐν τοῖς ἀρχαιοτάτοις καὶ σοφωτάτοις ἔταξεν ἔθνεσιν ὁ Κέλσος, τοὺς δὲ Ἰουδαίους οὐκ ἠξίωσεν οὔτε εἰς σοφοὺς παραδέξασθαι οὔτε εἰς ἀρχαίους· πολλῶν φερομένων συγγραμμάτων παρὰ Αἰγυπτίοις καὶ Φοίνιξι καὶ Ἕλλησι, μαρτυρούντων αὐτῶν τῇ ἀρχαιότητι, ἅπερ ἐγὼ περισσὸν ἡγησάμην εἶναι παραθέσθαι. ∆υνατὸν γὰρ τὸν βουλόμενον ἀναγνῶναι τὰ γεγραμμένα Φλαυίῳ Ἰωσήπῳ περὶ τῆς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀρχαιότητος ἐν δυσίν, ὅπου πολλὴν συναγωγὴν συγγραφέων φέρει μαρτυρούντων τῇ Ἰουδαίων ἀρχαιότητι. Καὶ Τατιανοῦ δὲ νεωτέρου φέρεται ὁ πρὸς Ἕλληνας λόγος, πολυμαθέστατα ἐκτιθεμένου τοὺς ἱστορήσαντας περὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίων καὶ Μωϋσέως ἀρχαιότητος. Ἔοικεν οὖν οὐκ ἀληθῶς ἀλλὰ φιλαπεχθημόνως ὁ Κέλσος ταῦτα λέγειν, σκοπὸν ἔχων κατηγορῆσαι τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ χριστιανισμοῦ, ἠρτημένης ἀπὸ Ἰουδαίων. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μὲν Ὁμήρου Γαλακτοφάγους καὶ τοὺς Γαλατῶν ∆ρυΐδας καὶ τοὺς Γέτας σοφώτατα λέγει ἔθνη εἶναι καὶ ἀρχαῖα, περὶ τῶν συγγενῶν τοῖς ἰουδαϊκοῖς λόγοις διαλαμβάνοντας, ὧν οὐκ οἶδα εἰ φέρεται συγγράμματα· Ἑβραίους δὲ μόνον τὸ ὅσον ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ ἐκβάλλει καὶ τῆς ἀρχαιότητος καὶ τῆς σοφίας. Πάλιν τε αὖ κατάλογον ποιούμενος ἀνδρῶν ἀρχαίων καὶ σοφῶν, ὠφελησάντων τοὺς κατ' αὐτοὺς καὶ διὰ συγγραμμάτων τοὺς μετ' αὐτούς, Μωϋσέα ἐξέβαλε τοῦ καταλόγου τῶν σοφῶν. Καὶ Λίνου μέν, ὃν προέταξεν ὧν ὠνόμασεν ὁ Κέλσος, οὔτε νόμοι οὔτε λόγοι φέρονται ἐπιστρέψαντες καὶ θεραπεύ σαντες ἔθνη· Μωϋσέως δὲ τοὺς νόμους ὅλον ἔθνος φέρει ἐπεσπαρμένον τῇ πάσῃ οἰκουμένῃ. Ὅρα οὖν εἰ μὴ ἄντικρυς κακουργῶν ἐξέβαλε τοῦ καταλόγου τῶν σοφῶν καὶ Μωϋσέα, Λίνον δὲ καὶ Μουσαῖον καὶ Ὀρφέα καὶ τὸν Φερεκύδην καὶ τὸν Πέρσην Ζωροάστρην καὶ Πυθαγόραν φήσας περὶ τῶνδε διειληφέναι, καὶ ἐς βίβλους κατατεθεῖσθαι τὰ ἑαυτῶν δόγματα καὶ πεφυλάχθαι αὐτὰ μέχρι δεῦρο.