Origen Against Celsus.

 I

 Origen Against Celsus.

 Chapter I.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Chapter LXXI.

 Book II

 Book II.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Chapter LXXI.

 Chapter LXXII.

 Chapter LXXIII.

 Chapter LXXIV.

 Chapter LXXV.

 Chapter LXXVI.

 Chapter LXXVII.

 Chapter LXXVIII.

 Chapter LXXIX.

 Book III

 Book III.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Chapter LXXI.

 Chapter LXXII.

 Chapter LXXIII.

 Chapter LXXIV.

 Chapter LXXV.

 Chapter LXXVI.

 Chapter LXXVII.

 Chapter LXXVIII.

 Chapter LXXIX.

 Chapter LXXX.

 Chapter LXXXI.

 Book IV

 Book IV.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Chapter LXXI.

 Chapter LXXII.

 Chapter LXXIII.

 Chapter LXXIV.

 Chapter LXXV.

 Chapter LXXVI.

 Chapter LXXVII.

 Chapter LXXVIII.

 Chapter LXXIX.

 Chapter LXXX.

 Chapter LXXXI.

 Chapter LXXXII.

 Chapter LXXXIII.

 Chapter LXXXIV.

 Chapter LXXXV.

 Chapter LXXXVI.

 Chapter LXXXVII.

 Chapter LXXXVIII.

 Chapter LXXXIX.

 Chapter XC.

 Chapter XCI.

 Chapter XCII.

 Chapter XCIII.

 Chapter XCIV.

 Chapter XCV.

 Chapter XCVI.

 Chapter XCVII.

 Chapter XCVIII.

 Chapter XCIX.

 Book V

 Book V.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Book VI

 Book VI.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Chapter LXXI.

 Chapter LXXII.

 Chapter LXXIII.

 Chapter LXXIV.

 Chapter LXXV.

 Chapter LXXVI.

 Chapter LXXVII.

 Chapter LXXVIII.

 Chapter LXXIX.

 Chapter LXXX.

 Chapter LXXXI.

 Book VII

 Book VII.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Book VIII

 Book VIII.

 Chapter II.

 Chapter III.

 Chapter IV.

 Chapter V.

 Chapter VI.

 Chapter VII.

 Chapter VIII.

 Chapter IX.

 Chapter X.

 Chapter XI.

 Chapter XII.

 Chapter XIII.

 Chapter XIV.

 Chapter XV.

 Chapter XVI.

 Chapter XVII.

 Chapter XVIII.

 Chapter XIX.

 Chapter XX.

 Chapter XXI.

 Chapter XXII.

 Chapter XXIII.

 Chapter XXIV.

 Chapter XXV.

 Chapter XXVI.

 Chapter XXVII.

 Chapter XXVIII.

 Chapter XXIX.

 Chapter XXX.

 Chapter XXXI.

 Chapter XXXII.

 Chapter XXXIII.

 Chapter XXXIV.

 Chapter XXXV.

 Chapter XXXVI.

 Chapter XXXVII.

 Chapter XXXVIII.

 Chapter XXXIX.

 Chapter XL.

 Chapter XLI.

 Chapter XLII.

 Chapter XLIII.

 Chapter XLIV.

 Chapter XLV.

 Chapter XLVI.

 Chapter XLVII.

 Chapter XLVIII.

 Chapter XLIX.

 Chapter L.

 Chapter LI.

 Chapter LII.

 Chapter LIII.

 Chapter LIV.

 Chapter LV.

 Chapter LVI.

 Chapter LVII.

 Chapter LVIII.

 Chapter LIX.

 Chapter LX.

 Chapter LXI.

 Chapter LXII.

 Chapter LXIII.

 Chapter LXIV.

 Chapter LXV.

 Chapter LXVI.

 Chapter LXVII.

 Chapter LXVIII.

 Chapter LXIX.

 Chapter LXX.

 Chapter LXXI.

 Chapter LXXII.

 Chapter LXXIII.

 Chapter LXXIV.

 Chapter LXXV.

 Chapter LXXVI.

Chapter XXXVII.

Now if this is a true account of what constitutes the right and the wrong use of personification, have we not grounds for holding Celsus up to ridicule for thus ascribing to Christians words which they never uttered?  For if those whom he represents as speaking are the unlearned, how is it possible that such persons could distinguish between “sense” and “reason,” between “objects of sense” and “objects of the reason?”  To argue in this way, they would require to have studied under the Stoics, who deny all intellectual existences, and maintain that all that we apprehend is apprehended through the senses, and that all knowledge comes through the senses.  But if, on the other hand, he puts these words into the mouth of philosophers who search carefully into the meaning of Christian doctrines, the statements in question do not agree with their character and principles.  For no one who has learnt that God is invisible, and that certain of His works are invisible, that is to say, apprehended by the reason,1689    νοητά, falling under the province of νοῦς, the reason.  For convenience, we translate it elsewhere “intellectual.” can say, as if to justify his faith in a resurrection, “How can they know God, except by the perception of the senses?” or, “How otherwise than through the senses can they gain any knowledge?”  For it is not in any secret writings, perused only by a few wise men, but in such as are most widely diffused and most commonly known among the people, that these words are written:  “The invisible things of God from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made.”1690    Rom. i. 20.  From whence it is to be inferred, that though men who live upon the earth have to begin with the use of the senses upon sensible objects, in order to go on from them to a knowledge of the nature of things intellectual, yet their knowledge must not stop short with the objects of sense.  And thus, while Christians would not say that it is impossible to have a knowledge of intellectual objects without the senses, but rather that the senses supply the first means of obtaining knowledge, they might well ask the question, “Who can gain any knowledge without the senses?” without deserving the abuse of Celsus, when he adds, “This is not the language of a man; it comes not from the soul, but from the flesh.”

Εἴπερ δὲ τοιαύτη μὲν ἡ ἐν τῷ προσωποποιεῖν ἀρετὴ τοιαδὶ δὲ ἡ κακία, πῶς οὐκ εὐλόγως τις καταγελάσεται Κέλσου, Χριστιανοῖς περιτιθέντος τὰ μὴ ὑπὸ Χριστιανῶν λεγόμενα; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἰδιωτῶν ἀνέπλασσε λόγους, πόθεν τοῖς τοιούτοις δύνασθαι διακρίνειν αἴσθησιν ἀπὸ τοῦ νοῦ καὶ αἰσθητὰ νοητῶν καὶ δογματίζειν παραπλησίως τοῖς ἀναιροῦσι νοητὰς οὐσίας Στωϊκοῖς περὶ τοῦ αἰσθήσεσιν καταλαμβάνεσθαι τὰ καταλαμβανόμενα καὶ πᾶσαν κατάληψιν ἠρτῆσθαι τῶν αἰσθήσεων; Εἰ δ' ἀναπλάσσει λόγους τῶν φιλοσοφούντων καὶ ἐπιμελῶς ὅση δύναμις ἐξεταζόντων τὰ Χριστοῦ, οὐδὲ τούτοις ἀκόλουθα πεποίηκεν. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ μαθὼν ἀόρατον εἶναι τὸν θεὸν καὶ εἶναί τινα δημιουργήματα ἀόρατα, τουτέστι νοητά, λέγοι ἂν ὡς ἀπολογούμενος περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τό· Πῶς αἰσθήσεσι μὴ καταλαμ βανόμενοι γνώσονται τὸν θεόν; ἤ· Τί χωρὶς αἰσθήσεως μαθεῖν δυνατόν ἐστι; Καὶ οὐκ ἐν ἀνακεχωρηκόσι καὶ ἀναγινωσκομένοις ὑπὸ ὀλίγων μόνον καὶ φιλομαθῶν ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς δημωδεστέροις γέγραπται ὅτι "Τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα καθορᾶται"· δι' ὧν ἔστιν εἰδέναι ὅτι εἰ καὶ τοὺς ἐν βίῳ ἀνθρώπους χρὴ ἀπὸ αἰσθήσεων ἄρξασθαι καὶ τῶν αἰσθητῶν, μέλλοντας ἀναβαίνειν ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν νοητῶν φύσιν, ἀλλ' οὔτι γε ἐν αἰσθη τοῖς καταμένειν χρή· οὔτε χωρὶς αἰσθήσεως ἐροῦσιν ἀδύνατον εἶναι μαθεῖν τὰ νοητά, χρώμενοι δὲ τῷ τίς χωρὶς αἰσθήσεως μαθεῖν δυνατός ἐστιν; Ἐλέγξουσιν οὐκ εὐλόγως τούτῳ ὑπὸ τοῦ Κέλσου ἐπιφέρεσθαι τὸ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου μὲν οὐδὲ ψυχῆς ἀλλὰ γὰρ σαρκὸς φωνή.