Chapter LVIII.

But Celsus challenges the account also that an angel rolled away the stone from the sepulchre where the body of Jesus lay, acting like a lad at school, who should bring a charge against any one by help of a string of commonplaces.  And, as if he had discovered some clever objection to the narrative, he remarks:  “The Son of God, then, it appears, could not open his tomb, but required the aid of another to roll away the stone.”  Now, not to overdo the discussion of this matter, or to have the appearance of unreasonably introducing philosophical remarks, by explaining the figurative meaning at present, I shall simply say of the narrative alone, that it does appear in itself a more respectful proceeding, that the servant and inferior should have rolled away the stone, than that such an act should have been performed by Him whose resurrection was to be for the advantage of mankind.  I do not speak of the desire of those who conspired against the Word, and who wished to put Him to death, and to show to all men that He was dead and non-existent,1178    καὶ τὸ μηδὲν τυγχάνοντα. that His tomb should not be opened, in order that no one might behold the Word alive after their conspiracy; but the “Angel of God” who came into the world for the salvation of men, with the help of another angel, proved more powerful than the conspirators, and rolled away the weighty stone, that those who deemed the Word to be dead might be convinced that He is not with the “departed,” but is alive, and precedes those who are willing to follow Him, that He may manifest to them those truths which come after those which He formerly showed them at the time of their first entrance (into the school of Christianity), when they were as yet incapable of receiving deeper instruction.  In the next place, I do not understand what advantage he thinks will accrue to his purpose when he ridicules the account of “the angel’s visit to Joseph regarding the pregnancy of Mary;” and again, that of the angel to warn the parents “to take up the new-born Child, whose life was in danger, and to flee with it into Egypt.”  Concerning these matters, however, we have in the preceding pages answered his statements.  But what does Celsus mean by saying, that “according to the Scriptures, angels are recorded to have been sent to Moses, and others as well?”  For it appears to me to contribute nothing to his purpose, and especially because none of them made any effort to accomplish, as far as in his power, the conversion of the human race from their sins.  Let it be granted, however, that other angels were sent from God, but that he came to announce something of greater importance (than any others who preceded him); and when the Jews had fallen into sin, and corrupted their religion, and had done unholy deeds, transferred the kingdom of God to other husbandmen, who in all the Churches take special care of themselves,1179    ἑαυτῶν.  Guietus would read αὐτῶν, to agree with τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν. and use every endeavour by means of a holy life, and by a doctrine conformable thereto, to win over to the God of all things those who would rush away from the teaching of Jesus.1180    Instead of τὰς ἀπὸ τῆς διδασκαλίας τοῦ ᾽Ιησοῦ ἁφορμάς, Boherellus conjectures τοὺς…ἀφορμῶντας, which has been adopted in the translation.

Κατηγορεῖ δ' ὁ Κέλσος καὶ τοῦ φάσκοντος λόγου ἄγγελον ἀποκεκυλικέναι τοῦ τάφου, ἔνθα ἦν τὸ Ἰησοῦ σῶμα, "τὸν λίθον" ὥσπερ μειράκιον, ἐν διατριβῇ λαβὸν τοπικῶς κατηγορῆσαί τινος, καί φησιν ὡς σοφόν τι κατὰ τοῦ λόγου εὑρὼν ὅτι ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ παῖς, ὡς ἔοικεν, οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἀνοῖξαι τὸν τάφον, ἀλλ' ἐδεήθη ἄλλου ἀποκινήσοντος τὴν πέτραν. Καὶ ἵνα γε μηδὲν περιεργάσωμαι περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὸν τόπον μηδὲ τροπολογίαν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ἐκτιθέμενος δόξω ἀκαίρως εἰς ταῦτα φιλοσοφεῖν, περὶ αὐτῆς ἐρῶ τῆς ἱστορίας ὅτι σεμνότερον αὐτόθεν φαίνεται τὸ τὸν ἐλάττονα καὶ ὑπηρέτην ἀποκεκυλικέναι "τὸν λίθον" ἢ τὸν ἐπὶ ὠφελείᾳ ἀνθρώπων ἀνιστάμενον τοῦτο πεποιηκέναι. Οὐ λέγω δ' ὅτι οἱ μὲν τῷ λόγῳ ἐπιβουλεύοντες καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι αὐτὸν βουληθέντες καὶ δεῖξαι πᾶσι νεκρὸν καὶ τὸ μηδὲν τυγχάνοντα βούλονται αὐτοῦ μηδαμῶς ἀνοιχθῆναι τὸν τάφον, ἵνα μηδεὶς τὸν λόγον μετὰ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν αὐτῶν ζῶντα θεάσηται· ὁ δὲ ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας ἀνθρώπων ἐπιδημῶν συνεργὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου ἄγγελος θεοῦ ἰσχυρότερος ὢν τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων ἀποκυλίει τὸν βαρὺν λίθον· ἵνα πεισθῶσιν οἱ νομίζοντες τεθνηκέναι τὸν λόγον ὅτι "οὐκ ἔστι" "μετὰ τῶν νεκρῶν" ἀλλὰ ζῇ καὶ "προάγει" τοὺς βουλομένους αὐτῷ ἀκολουθεῖν, ἵνα ἐπιδείξηται τὰ ἑξῆς οἷς ἐπεδείξατο πρότερον, τοῖς μὴ χωροῦσί πω αὐτῶν μείζονα κατὰ τὸν πρότερον τῆς εἰσαγωγῆς αὐτῶν χρόνον. Εἶτ' οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως μετὰ ταῦτα παραρρίπτει, οὐκ οἶδα εἰς τί τῇ προθέσει αὐτοῦ χρήσιμον εἶναι δοκοῦν, τὸ περὶ τῆς Μαρίας κυούσης ἐληλυθέναι πρὸς τὸν Ἰωσὴφ ἄγγελον καὶ πάλιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ τὸ βρέφος γεννηθὲν καὶ ἐπιβουλευόμενον ἐξαρπάσαντας φυγεῖν εἰς Αἴγυπτον. Περὶ τούτων δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω πρὸς τὰ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ εἰρημένα διελέχθημεν. Τί δὲ βούλεται Κέλσῳ [τὸ] καὶ Μωϋσεῖ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἱστορεῖσθαι κατὰ τὰς γραφὰς ἀγγέλους πέμπεσθαι; Οὐδὲν γάρ μοι φαίνεται συμβάλλεσθαι αὐτῷ πρὸς ὃ βούλεται, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπεὶ οὐδεὶς μὲν ἐκείνων περὶ τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώ πων ἠγωνίσατο, ἵν' αὐτὸ ἐπιστρέψῃ ὅση δύναμις ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων. Καὶ ἄλλοι οὖν πεπέμφθωσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ οὗτός τι πλέον ἀπαγγελλέτω, καὶ πλημμελούντων Ἰουδαίων καὶ μεταχαραττόντων τὴν εὐσέβειαν καὶ οὐχ ὅσια δρώντων τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ μεταδεδωκέτω "ἄλλοις γεωργοῖς", τοῖς πανταχοῦ ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ἑαυτῶν ἐπιμελουμένοις καὶ πάντα πράττουσιν ὑπὲρ τοῦ [καὶ ἄλλους κατὰ] τὰς ἀπὸ τῆς διδασκαλίας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἀφορμὰς προσα γαγεῖν διὰ βίου καθαροῦ καὶ λόγου ἀκολούθου τῷ βίῳ πρὸς τὸν τῶν ὅλων θεόν.