Chapter XXII.—Concerning the law of God and the law of sin.

The Deity is good and more than good, and so is His will. For that which God wishes is good. Moreover the precept, which teaches this, is law, that we, holding by it, may walk in light1226    1 St. John i. 7.: and the transgression of this precept is sin, and this continues to exist on account of the assault of the devil and our unconstrained and voluntary reception of it1227    Rom. vii. 23.. And this, too, is called law1228    Rom. vii. 25..

And so the law of God, settling in our mind, draws it towards itself and pricks our conscience. And our conscience, too, is called a law of our mind. Further, the assault of the wicked one, that is the law of sin, settling in the members of our flesh, makes its assault upon us through it. For by once voluntarily transgressing the law of God and receiving the assault of the wicked one, we gave entrance to it, being sold by ourselves to sin. Wherefore our body is readily impelled to it. And so the savour and perception of sin that is stored up in our body, that is to say, lust and pleasure of the body, is law in the members of our flesh.

Therefore the law of my mind, that is, the conscience, sympathises with the law of God, that is, the precept, and makes that its will. But the law of sin1229    Ibid. 23., that is to say, the assault made through the law that is in our members, or through the lust and inclination and movement of the body and of the irrational part of the soul, is in opposition to the law of my mind, that is to conscience, and takes me captive (even though I make the law of God my will and set my love on it, and make not sin my will), by reason of commixture1230    Text, κατὰ ἀνάκρασιν. Variants, ἀνάκρισιν, ἀνάκλισιν. The old translation is ‘secundum anacrasin,’ i.e. ‘contractionem, refusionem per laevitatem voluptatis:’ Faber has ‘secundum contradictionem per suadelam voluptatis.’ The author’s meaning is that owing to the conjunction of mind with body, the law of sin is mixed with all the members.: and through the softness of pleasure and the lust of the body and of the irrational part of the soul, as I said, it leads me astray and induces me to become the servant of sin. But what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God, sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh (for He assumed flesh but not sin) condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us who walk not after the flesh but in the Spirit1231    Rom. viii. 3, 4.. For the Spirit helpeth our infirmities1232    Ibid. 26. and affordeth power to the law of our mind, against the law that is in our members. For the verse, we know not what we should pray for as we ought, but the Spirit itself maketh intercession with groanings that cannot be uttered1233    Ibid, itself teacheth us what to pray for. Hence it is impossible to carry out the precepts of the Lord except by patience and prayer.

Περὶ νόμου θεοῦ καὶ νόμου ἁμαρτίας

Ἀγαθὸν τὸ θεῖον καὶ ὑπεράγαθον, καὶ τὸ τούτου θέλημα: τοῦτο γὰρ ἀγαθόν, ὅπερ ὁ θεὸς βούλεται. Νόμος δέ ἐστιν ἡ τοῦτο διδάσκουσα ἐντολή, ἵν' ἐν αὐτῷ μένοντες ἐν φωτὶ ὦμεν. Ἧς ἐντολῆς ἡ παράβασις ἁμαρτία ἐστίν. Αὕτη δὲ διὰ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου προσβολῆς καὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀβιάστου καὶ ἑκουσίου παραδοχῆς συνίσταται: λέγεται δὲ καὶ αὕτη νόμος.

Ἐπιβαίνων οὖν ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ νόμος τῷ νῷ ἡμῶν ἐφέλκεται πρὸς ἑαυτὸν καὶ νύττει τὴν ἡμετέραν συνείδησιν. Λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα συνείδησις νόμος τοῦ νοὸς ἡμῶν. Καὶ ἡ προσβολὴ δὲ τοῦ πονηροῦ, τουτέστιν ὁ νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἐπιβαίνων τοῖς μέλεσι τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν δι' αὐτῆς ἡμῖν προσβάλλει. Ἅπαξ γὰρ παραβάντες ἑκουσίως τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν προσβολὴν τοῦ πονηροῦ παραδεξάμενοι ἐδώκαμεν αὐτῇ εἴσοδον, πραθέντες ὑφ' ἑαυτῶν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ. Ὅθεν ἑτοίμως ἄγεται τὸ σῶμα ἡμῶν πρὸς αὐτήν. Λέγεται οὖν καὶ ἡ ἐναποκειμένη τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν ὀσμὴ καὶ αἴσθησις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἤτοι ἐπιθυμία καὶ ἡδονὴ τοῦ σώματος νόμος ἐν τοῖς μέλεσι τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν.

Ὁ μὲν οὖν νόμος τοῦ νοός μου ἤτοι ἡ συνείδησις συνήδεται τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ θεοῦ ἤτοι τῇ ἐντολῇ καὶ ταύτην θέλει. Ὁ δὲ νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἤτοι ἡ προσβολὴ διὰ τοῦ νόμου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἤτοι τῆς τοῦ σώματος ἐπιθυμίας καὶ ῥοπῆς καὶ κινήσεως καὶ τοῦ ἀλόγου μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς ἀντιστρατεύεται τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ νοός μου, τουτέστι τῇ συνειδήσει, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζει με καὶ θέλοντα τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ νόμον καὶ ἀγαπῶντα καὶ μὴ θέλοντα τὴν ἁμαρτίαν κατὰ ἀνάκρασιν διὰ τοῦ λείου τῆς ἡδονῆς καὶ τῆς τοῦ σώματος ἐπιθυμίας καὶ τοῦ ἀλόγου μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς, ὡς ἔφην, πλανᾷ καὶ πείθει δουλεῦσαι τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ: ἀλλ' «ὁ θεὸς τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου, ἐν ᾧ ἠσθένει ὁ νόμος διὰ τῆς σαρκός, πέμψας τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας» (σάρκα μὲν γὰρ ἀνέλαβεν, ἁμαρτίαν δὲ οὐδαμῶς) «κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐν τῇ σαρκί, ἵνα τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου πληρωθῇ ἐν τοῖς μὴ κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ πνεῦμα». «Τὸ γὰρ πνεῦμα συναντιλαμβάνεται τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ ἡμῶν» καὶ παρέχει δύναμιν τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ νοὸς ἡμῶν κατὰ τοῦ νόμου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν. Τὸ γὰρ «τί προσευξώμεθα, καθὸ δεῖ, οὐκ οἴδαμεν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα ἐντυγχάνει ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις», τουτέστι διδάσκει ἡμᾶς, τί προσευξόμεθα. Ὥστε ἀδύνατον, εἰ μὴ δι' ὑπομονῆς καὶ προσευχῆς τὰς ἐντολὰς τοῦ θεοῦ κατεργάσασθαι.