John of Damascus, The Fount of Knowledge III: On the Orthodox Faith

Chapter I.—That the Deity is incomprehensible, and that we ought not to pry into and meddle with the things which have not been delivered to us by the holy Prophets, and Apostles, and Evangelists.

No one hath seen God at any time; the Only-begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared Him1 St. John i. 18 (R.V.).. The Deity, therefore, is ineffable and incomprehensible. For no one knoweth the Father, save the Son, nor the Son, save the Father2 St. Matt. xi. 27.. And the Holy Spirit, too, so knows the things of God as the spirit of the man knows the things that are in him3 1 Cor. ii. 11.. Moreover, after the first and blessed nature no one, not of men only, but even of supramundane powers, and the Cherubim, I say, and Seraphim themselves, has ever known God, save he to whom He revealed Himself.

God, however, did not leave us in absolute ignorance. For the knowledge of God’s existence has been implanted by Him in all by nature. This creation, too, and its maintenance, and its government, proclaim the majesty of the Divine nature4 Wisd. xiii. 5.. Moreover, by the Law and the Prophets5 Greg. Naz., Orat. 34. in former times and afterwards by His Only-begotten Son, our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, He disclosed to us the knowledge of Himself as that was possible for us. All things, therefore, that have been delivered to us by Law and Prophets and Apostles and Evangelists we receive, and know, and honour6 Dionys., De div. nom., c. 1., seeking for nothing beyond these. For God, being good, is the cause of all good, subject neither to envy nor to any passion7 Greg. Naz., Orat. 34.. For envy is far removed from the Divine nature, which is both passionless and only good. As knowing all things, therefore, and providing for what is profitable for each, He revealed that which it was to our profit to know; but what we were unable8 Reading ὃπερ δε οὐκ ἐδυνάμεθα for ὃπερ δὲ οὖν ἐδυνάμεθα. Cod. Reg. 3379 gives καὶ ὃ οὐ δυνάμεθα. to bear He kept secret. With these things let us be satisfied, and let us abide by them, not removing everlasting boundaries, nor overpassing the divine tradition9 Prov. xxii. 28..

Τοῦ ὁσίου ἀββᾶ Ἰωάννου πρεσβυτέρου Δαμασκηνοῦ ἔκδοσις ἀκριβὴς τῆς ὀρθοδόξου πίστεωςὍτι ἀκατάληπτον τὸ θεῖον καὶ ὅτι οὐ δεῖ ζητεῖν καὶ περιεργάζεσθαι τὰ μὴ παραδεδομένα ἡμῖν ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων καὶ εὐαγγελιστῶν

«Θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακε πώποτε. Ὁ μονογενὴς υἱὸς ὁ ὢν ἐν τοῖς κόλποις τοῦ πατρός, αὐτὸς ἐξηγήσατο». Ἄρρητον οὖν τὸ θεῖον καὶ ἀκατάληπτον. «Οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν πατέρα εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱός, οὐδὲ τὸν υἱὸν εἰ μὴ ὁ πατήρ». Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα δὲ τὸ ἅγιον οὕτως οἶδε τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἶδε τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν πρώτην καὶ μακαρίαν φύσιν οὐδεὶς ἔγνω ποτὲ τὸν θεόν, εἰ μὴ ᾧ αὐτὸς ἀπεκάλυψεν οὐκ ἀνθρώπων μόνον ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τῶν ὑπερκοσμίων δυνάμεων καὶ αὐτῶν φημι τῶν Χερουβὶμ καὶ Σεραφίμ.

Οὐκ ἀφῆκε μέντοι ἡμᾶς ὁ θεὸς ἐν παντελεῖ ἀγνωσίᾳ: πᾶσι γὰρ ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ εἶναι θεὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ φυσικῶς ἐγκατέσπαρται. Καὶ αὐτὴ δὲ ἡ κτίσις καὶ ἡ ταύτης συνοχή τε καὶ κυβέρνησις τὸ μεγαλεῖον τῆς θείας ἀνακηρύττει φύσεως. Καὶ διὰ νόμου δὲ καὶ προφητῶν πρότερον, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ διὰ τοῦ μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ υἱοῦ, κυρίου δὲ καὶ θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, κατὰ τὸ ἐφικτὸν ἡμῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐφανέρωσε γνῶσιν. Πάντα τοίνυν τὰ παραδεδομένα ἡμῖν διά τε νόμου καὶ προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων καὶ εὐαγγελιστῶν δεχόμεθα καὶ γινώσκομεν καὶ σέβομεν οὐδὲν περαιτέρῳ τούτων ἐπιζητοῦντες: ἀγαθὸς γὰρ ὢν ὁ θεὸς παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ παρεκτικός ἐστιν οὐ φθόνῳ οὐδὲ πάθει τινὶ ὑποκείμενος: «μακρὰν γὰρ τῆς θείας φύσεως φθόνος τῆς γε ἀπαθοῦς καὶ μόνης ἀγαθῆς». Ὡς οὖν πάντα εἰδὼς καὶ τὸ συμφέρον ἑκάστῳ προμηθούμενος, ὅπερ συνέφερεν ἡμῖν γνῶναι ἀπεκάλυψεν, ὅπερ δὲ οὐκ ἐδυνάμεθα φέρειν, ἀπεσιώπησε. Ταῦτα ἡμεῖς στέρξωμεν καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς μείνωμεν μὴ μεταίροντες ὅρια αἰώνια μηδὲ ὑπερβαίνοντες τὴν θείαν παράδοσιν.