Chapter XXI.—Concerning Conception and Articulation.

Again the reasoning part of the soul is divided into conception and articulation. Conception is an activity of the soul originating in the reason without resulting in utterance. Accordingly, often, even when we are silent we run through a whole speech in our minds, and hold discussions in our dreams. And it is this faculty chiefly which constitutes us all reasoning beings. For those who are dumb by birth or have lost their voice through some disease or injury, are just as much reasoning beings. But articulation by voice or in the different dialects requires energy: that is to say, the word is articulated by the tongue and mouth, and this is why it is named articulation. It is, indeed, the messenger of thought, and it is because of it that we are called speaking beings.

Περὶ ἐνδιαθέτου λόγου καὶ προφορικοῦ

Πάλιν δὲ διαιρεῖται τὸ λογικὸν τῆς ψυχῆς εἴς τε τὸν ἐνδιάθετον λόγον καὶ εἰς τὸν προφορικόν. Ἔστι δὲ ἐνδιάθετος μὲν λόγος κίνημα ψυχῆς ἐν τῷ διαλογιστικῷ γινόμενον ἄνευ τινὸς ἐκφωνήσεως: ὅθεν πολλάκις σιωπῶντες λόγον ὅλον παρ' ἑαυτοῖς διεξερχόμεθα καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὀνείροις διαλεγόμεθα. Κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ μάλιστα λογικοὶ πάντες ἐσμέν: καὶ γὰρ οἱ ἐκ γεννετῆς κωφοὶ ἢ καὶ οἱ διά τι νόσημα ἢ πάθος τὴν φωνὴν ἀποβαλόντες οὐδὲν ἧττον λογικοί εἰσιν. Ὁ δὲ προφορικὸς λόγος ἐν τῇ φωνῇ καὶ ταῖς διαλέκτοις τὴν ἐνέργειαν ἔχει, ἤγουν ὁ διὰ γλώσσης καὶ στόματος προφερόμενος λόγος: διὸ καὶ προφορικὸς λέγεται. Ἔστι δὲ ἄγγελος νοήματος. Κατὰ τοῦτο καὶ λαλητικοὶ λεγόμεθα.