John of Damascus, The Fount of Knowledge III: On the Orthodox Faith

Uncreate, without beginning, immortal, infinite, eternal, immaterial229 Text, τὸ ἄ& 203·λον: in one codex there is added as emendation or explanation, τὸ ἁπλοῦν, τὸ ἀσύνθετον., good, creative, just, enlightening, immutable, passionless, uncircumscribed, immeasurable, unlimited, undefined, unseen, unthinkable, wanting in nothing, being His own rule and authority, all-ruling, life-giving, omnipotent, of infinite power, containing and maintaining the universe and making provision for all: all these and such like attributes the Deity possesses by nature, not having received them from elsewhere, but Himself imparting all good to His own creations according to the capacity of each.

The subsistences dwell and are established firmly in one another. For they are inseparable and cannot part from one another, but keep to their separate courses within one another, without coalescing or mingling, but cleaving to each other. For the Son is in the Father and the Spirit: and the Spirit in the Father and the Son: and the Father in the Son and the Spirit, but there is no coalescence or commingling or confusion230 Greg. Naz., Orat. 1, 13 and 40.. And there is one and the same motion: for there is one impulse and one motion of the three subsistences, which is not to be observed in any created nature.

Further the divine effulgence and energy, being one and simple and indivisible, assuming many varied forms in its goodness among what is divisible and allotting to each the component parts of its own nature, still remains simple and is multiplied without division among the divided, and gathers and converts the divided into its own simplicity231 Dionys., De div. nom., c. 5.. For all things long after it and have their existence in it. It gives also to all things being according to their several natures232 Text, καθὼς ἔχει φύσεως: in the margin of the manuscript is ὡς ἔχουσι., and it is itself the being of existing things, the life of living things, the reason of rational beings, the thought of thinking beings. But it is itself above mind and reason and life and essence.

Further the divine nature has the property of penetrating all things without mixing with them and of being itself impenetrable by anything else. Moreover, there is the property of knowing all things with a simple knowledge and of seeing all things, simply with His divine, all-surveying, immaterial eye, both the things of the present, and the things of the past, and the things of the future, before they come into being233 Dan. ii. 22.. It is also sinless, and can cast sin out, and bring salvation: and all that it wills, it can accomplish, but does not will all it could accomplish. For it could destroy the universe but it does not will so to do234 Greg., Orat. 40..

Τὰ ἰδιώματα τῆς θείας φύσεως

Τὸ ἄκτιστον, τὸ ἄναρχον, τὸ ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀπέραντον καὶ αἰώνιον, τὸ ἄυλον, τὸ ἀγαθόν, τὸ δημιουργικόν, τὸ δίκαιον, τὸ φωτιστικόν, τὸ ἄτρεπτον, τὸ ἀπαθές, τὸ ἀπερίγραπτον, τὸ ἀχώρητον, τὸ ἀπεριόριστον, τὸ ἀόριστον, τὸ ἀσώματον, τὸ ἀόρατον, τὸ ἀπερινόητον, τὸ ἀνενδεές, τὸ αὐτοκρατὲς καὶ αὐτεξούσιον, τὸ παντοκρατορικόν, τὸ ζωοδοτικόν, τὸ παντοδύναμον, τὸ ἀπειροδύναμον, τὸ ἁγιαστικὸν καὶ μεταδοτικόν, τὸ περιέχειν καὶ συνέχειν τὰ σύμπαντα καὶ πάντων προνοεῖσθαι: πάντα ταῦτα καὶ τοιαῦτα φύσει ἔχει οὐκ ἄλλοθεν εἰληφυῖα, ἀλλ' αὐτὴ μεταδιδοῦσα παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ τοῖς οἰκείοις ποιήμασι κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστου δεκτικὴν δύναμιν.

Ἡ ἐν ἀλλήλαις τῶν ὑποστάσεων μονή τε καὶ ἵδρυσις: ἀδιάστατοι γὰρ αὗται καὶ ἀνεκφοίτητοι ἀλλήλων εἰσὶν ἀσύγχυτον ἔχουσαι τὴν ἐν ἀλλήλαις περιχώρησιν, οὐχ ὥστε συναλείφεσθαι ἢ συγχεῖσθαι, ἀλλ' ὥστε ἔχεσθαι ἀλλήλων. Υἱὸς γὰρ ἐν πατρὶ καὶ πνεύματι, καὶ πνεῦμα ἐν πατρὶ καὶ υἱῷ, καὶ πατὴρ ἐν υἱῷ καὶ πνεύματι, μηδεμιᾶς γινομένης συναλοιφῆς ἢ συμφύρσεως ἢ συγχύσεως. Καὶ τὸ ἓν καὶ ταὐτὸν τῆς κινήσεως: ἓν γὰρ ἔξαλμα καὶ μία κίνησις τῶν τριῶν ὑποστάσεων, ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῆς κτιστῆς φύσεως θεωρηθῆναι ἀδύνατον.

Καὶ ὅτι ἡ θεία ἔλλαμψις καὶ ἐνέργεια μία οὖσα καὶ ἁπλῆ καὶ ἀμερὴς καὶ ἀγαθοειδῶς ἐν τοῖς μεριστοῖς ποικιλλομένη καὶ τούτοις πᾶσι τὰ τῆς οἰκείας φύσεως συστατικὰ νέμουσα μένει ἁπλῆ, πληθυνομένη μὲν ἐν τοῖς μεριστοῖς ἀμερίστως καὶ τὰ μεριστὰ πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτῆς ἁπλότητα συνάγουσα καὶ ἐπιστρέφουσα (πάντα γὰρ αὐτῆς ἐφίεται καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔχει τὴν ὕπαρξιν): καὶ αὐτὴ τοῖς πᾶσι τὸ εἶναι καθὼς ἔχει φύσεως μεταδίδωσι: καὶ αὐτή ἐστι τῶν ὄντων τὸ εἶναι καὶ τῶν ζώντων ἡ ζωὴ καὶ τῶν λογικῶς ὄντων ὁ λόγος καὶ τῶν νοερῶς ὄντων ἡ νόησις, αὐτὴ ὑπὲρ νοῦν οὖσα καὶ ὑπὲρ λόγον καὶ ὑπὲρ ζωὴν καὶ ὑπὲρ οὐσίαν.

Ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ διὰ πάντων διήκειν ἀμιγῶς, δι' αὑτῆς δὲ οὐδέν. Ἔτι καὶ τὸ ἁπλῇ γνώσει γινώσκειν τὰ πάντα καὶ πάντα τῷ θείῳ καὶ παντεποπτικῷ καὶ ἀύλῳ αὐτῆς ὄμματι ἁπλῶς καθορᾶν, τά τε ἐνεστῶτα τά τε παρεληλυθότα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν: τὸ ἀναμάρτητον καὶ ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας καὶ σῴζειν: καὶ ὅτι πάντα μέν, ὅσα θέλει, δύναται, οὐχ ὅσα δὲ δύναται, θέλει: δύναται γὰρ ἀπολέσαι τὸν κόσμον, οὐ θέλει δέ.