The Stromata, or Miscellanies

 Book I Chapter I.—Preface—The Author’s Object—The Utility of Written Compositions.

 Chapter II.—Objection to the Number of Extracts from Philosophical Writings in These Books Anticipated and Answered.

 Chapter III.—Against the Sophists.

 Chapter IV.—Human Arts as Well as Divine Knowledge Proceed from God.

 Chapter V.—Philosophy the Handmaid of Theology.

 Chapter VI.—The Benefit of Culture.

 Chapter VII.—The Eclectic Philosophy Paves the Way for Divine Virtue.

 Chapter VIII.—The Sophistical Arts Useless.

 Chapter IX.—Human Knowledge Necessary for the Understanding of the Scriptures.

 Chapter X.—To Act Well of Greater Consequence Than to Speak Well.

 Chapter XI.—What is the Philosophy Which the Apostle Bids Us Shun?

 Chapter XII.—The Mysteries of the Faith Not to Be Divulged to All.

 Chapter XIII.—All Sects of Philosophy Contain a Germ of Truth.

 Chapter XIV.—Succession of Philosophers in Greece.

 Chapter XV.—The Greek Philosophy in Great Part Derived from the Barbarians.

 Chapter XVI.—That the Inventors of Other Arts Were Mostly Barbarians.

 Chapter XVII.—On the Saying of the Saviour, “All that Came Before Me Were Thieves and Robbers.”

 Chapter XVIII.—He Illustrates the Apostle’s Saying, “I Will Destroy the Wisdom of the Wise.”

 Chapter XIX.—That the Philosophers Have Attained to Some Portion of Truth.

 Chapter XX.—In What Respect Philosophy Contributes to the Comprehension of Divine Truth.

 Chapter XXI.—The Jewish Institutions and Laws of Far Higher Antiquity Than the Philosophy of the Greeks.

 Chapter XXII.—On the Greek Translation of the Old Testament.

 Chapter XXIII.—The Age, Birth, and Life of Moses.

 Chapter XXIV.—How Moses Discharged the Part of a Military Leader.

 Chapter XXV.—Plato an Imitator of Moses in Framing Laws.

 Chapter XXVI.—Moses Rightly Called a Divine Legislator, And, Though Inferior to Christ, Far Superior to the Great Legislators of the Greeks, Minos and

 Chapter XXVII.—The Law, Even in Correcting and Punishing, Aims at the Good of Men.

 Chapter XXVIII.—The Fourfold Division of the Mosaic Law.

 Chapter XXIX.—The Greeks But Children Compared with the Hebrews.

 Book II. Chapter I.—Introductory.

 Chapter II.—The Knowledge of God Can Be Attained Only Through Faith.

 Chapter III.—Faith Not a Product of Nature.

 Chapter IV.—Faith the Foundation of All Knowledge.

 Chapter V.—He Proves by Several Examples that the Greeks Drew from the Sacred Writers.

 Chapter VI.—The Excellence and Utility of Faith.

 Chapter VII.—The Utility of Fear. Objections Answered.

 Chapter VIII.—The Vagaries of Basilides and Valentinus as to Fear Being the Cause of Things.

 Chapter IX.—The Connection of the Christian Virtues.

 Chapter X.—To What the Philosopher Applies Himself.

 Chapter XI.—The Knowledge Which Comes Through Faith the Surest of All.

 Chapter XII.—Twofold Faith.

 Chapter XIII.—On First and Second Repentance.

 Chapter XIV.—How a Thing May Be Involuntary.

 Chapter XV.—On the Different Kinds of Voluntary Actions, and the Sins Thence Proceeding.

 Chapter XVI.—How We are to Explain the Passages of Scripture Which Ascribe to God Human Affections.

 Chapter XVII.—On the Various Kinds of Knowledge.

 Chapter XVIII.—The Mosaic Law the Fountain of All Ethics, and the Source from Which the Greeks Drew Theirs.

 Chapter XIX.—The True Gnostic is an Imitator of God, Especially in Beneficence.

 Chapter XX.—The True Gnostic Exercises Patience and Self-Restraint.

 Chapter XXI.—Opinions of Various Philosophers on the Chief Good.

 Chapter XXII.—Plato’s Opinion, that the Chief Good Consists in Assimilation to God, and Its Agreement with Scripture.

 Chapter XXIII.—On Marriage.

 Book III. Caput I.—Basilidis Sententiam de Continentia Et Nuptiis Refutat.

 Caput II.—Carpocratis Et Epiphanis Sententiam de Feminarum Communitate Refutat.

 Caput III.—Quatenus Plato Aliique E Veteribus Præiverint Marcionitis Aliisque Hæreticis, Qui a Nuptiis Ideo Abstinent Quia Creaturam Malam Existimant

 Caput IV.—Quibus Prætextibus Utantur Hæretici ad Omnis Genetis Licentiam Et Libidinem Exercendam.

 Caput V.—Duo Genera Hæreticorum Notat: Prius Illorum Qui Omnia Omnibus Licere Pronuntiant, Quos Refutat.

 Caput VI.—Secundum Genus Hæreticorum Aggreditur, Illorum Scilicet Qui Ex Impia de Deo Omnium Conditore Sententia, Continentiam Exercent.

 Caput VII.—Qua in Re Christianorum Continentia Eam Quam Sibi Vindicant Philosophi Antecellat.

 Caput VIII.—Loca S. Scripturæ Ab Hæreticis in Vituperium Matrimonii Adducta Explicat Et Primo Verba Apostoli Romans 6:14, Ab Hæreticorum Perversa Int

 Caput IX.—Dictum Christi ad Salomen Exponit, Quod Tanquam in Vituperium Nuptiarum Prolatum Hæretici Allegabant.

 Caput X.—Verba Christi Matt. xviii. 20, Mystice Exponit.

 Caput XI.—Legis Et Christi Mandatum de Non Concupiscendo Exponit.

 Caput XII.—Verba Apostoli 1 Cor. vii. 5, 39, 40, Aliaque S. Scripturæ Loca Eodem Spectantia Explicat.

 Caput XIII.—Julii Cassiani Hæretici Verbis Respondet Item Loco Quem Ex Evangelio Apocrypho Idem Adduxerat.

 Caput XIV.—2 Cor. xi. 3, Et Eph. iv. 24, Exponit.

 Caput XV.—1 Cor. vii. 1 Luc. xiv. 26 Isa. lvi. 2, 3, Explicat.

 Caput XVI.—Jer. xx. 14 Job xiv. 3 Ps. l. 5 1 Cor. ix. 27, Exponit.

 Caput XVII.—Qui Nuptias Et Generationem Malas Asserunt, II Et Dei Creationem Et Ipsam Evangelii Dispensationem Vituperant.

 Caput XVIII.—Duas Extremas Opiniones Esse Vitandas: Primam Illorum Qui Creatoris Odio a Nuptiis Abstinent Alteram Illorum Qui Hinc Occasionem Arripiu

 Book IV. Chapter I.—Order of Contents.

 Chapter II.—The Meaning of the Name Stromata or Miscellanies.

 Chapter III.—The True Excellence of Man.

 Chapter IV.—The Praises of Martyrdom.

 Chapter V.—On Contempt for Pain, Poverty, and Other External Things.

 Chapter VI.—Some Points in the Beatitudes.

 Chapter VII.—The Blessedness of the Martyr.

 Chapter VIII.—Women as Well as Men, Slaves as Well as Freemen, Candidates for the Martyr’s Crown.

 Chapter IX.—Christ’s Sayings Respecting Martyrdom.

 Chapter X.—Those Who Offered Themselves for Martyrdom Reproved.

 Chapter XI.—The Objection, Why Do You Suffer If God Cares for You, Answered.

 Chapter XII.—Basilides’ Idea of Martyrdom Refuted.

 Chapter XIII.—Valentinian’s Vagaries About the Abolition of Death Refuted.

 Chapter XIV.—The Love of All, Even of Our Enemies.

 Chapter XV.—On Avoiding Offence.

 Chapter XVI.—Passages of Scripture Respecting the Constancy, Patience, and Love of the Martyrs.

 Chapter XVII.—Passages from Clement’s Epistle to the Corinthians on Martyrdom.

 Chapter XVIII.—On Love, and the Repressing of Our Desires.

 Chap. XIX.—Women as well as Men Capable of Perfection.

 Chapter XX.—A Good Wife.

 Chapter XXI.—Description of the Perfect Man, or Gnostic.

 Chapter XXII.—The True Gnostic Does Good, Not from Fear of Punishment or Hope of Reward, But Only for the Sake of Good Itself.

 Chapter XXIII.—The Same Subject Continued.

 Chapter XXIV.—The Reason and End of Divine Punishments.

 Chapter XXV.—True Perfection Consists in the Knowledge and Love of God.

 Chapter XXVI.—How the Perfect Man Treats the Body and the Things of the World.

 Book V. Chap. I.—On Faith.

 Chap. II.—On Hope.

 Chapter III.—The Objects of Faith and Hope Perceived by the Mind Alone.

 Chapter IV.—Divine Things Wrapped Up in Figures Both in the Sacred and in Heathen Writers.

 Chapter V.—On the Symbols of Pythagoras.

 Chapter VI.—The Mystic Meaning of the Tabernacle and Its Furniture.

 Chapter VII.—The Egyptian Symbols and Enigmas of Sacred Things.

 Chapter VIII.—The Use of the Symbolic Style by Poets and Philosophers.

 Chapter IX.—Reasons for Veiling the Truth in Symbols.

 Chapter X.—The Opinion of the Apostles on Veiling the Mysteries of the Faith.

 Chapter XI.—Abstraction from Material Things Necessary in Order to Attain to the True Knowledge of God.

 Chapter XII.—God Cannot Be Embraced in Words or by the Mind.

 Chapter XIII.—The Knowledge of God a Divine Gift, According to the Philosophers.

 Chapter XIV.—Greek Plagiarism from the Hebrews.

 Book VI. Chapter I.—Plan.

 Chapter II.—The Subject of Plagiarisms Resumed. The Greeks Plagiarized from One Another.

 Chapter III.—Plagiarism by the Greeks of the Miracles Related in the Sacred Books of the Hebrews.

 Chapter IV.—The Greeks Drew Many of Their Philosophical Tenets from the Egyptian and Indian Gymnosophists.

 Chapter V.—The Greeks Had Some Knowledge of the True God.

 Chapter VI.—The Gospel Was Preached to Jews and Gentiles in Hades.

 Chapter VII.—What True Philosophy Is, and Whence So Called.

 Chapter VIII.—Philosophy is Knowledge Given by God.

 Chapter IX.—The Gnostic Free of All Perturbations of the Soul.

 Chapter X.—The Gnostic Avails Himself of the Help of All Human Knowledge.

 Chapter XI.—The Mystical Meanings in the Proportions of Numbers, Geometrical Ratios, and Music.

 Chapter XII.—Human Nature Possesses an Adaptation for Perfection The Gnostic Alone Attains It.

 Chapter XIII.—Degrees of Glory in Heaven Corresponding with the Dignities of the Church Below.

 Chapter XIV.—Degrees of Glory in Heaven.

 Chapter XV.—Different Degrees of Knowledge.

 Chapter XVI.—Gnostic Exposition of the Decalogue.

 Chapter XVII.—Philosophy Conveys Only an Imperfect Knowledge of God.

 Chapter XVIII.—The Use of Philosophy to the Gnostic.

 Book VII. Chapter I.—The Gnostic a True Worshipper of God, and Unjustly Calumniated by Unbelievers as an Atheist.

 Chapter II.—The Son the Ruler and Saviour of All.

 Chapter III.—The Gnostic Aims at the Nearest Likeness Possible to God and His Son.

 Chapter IV.—The Heathens Made Gods Like Themselves, Whence Springs All Superstition.

 Chapter V.—The Holy Soul a More Excellent Temple Than Any Edifice Built by Man.

 Chapter VI.—Prayers and Praise from a Pure Mind, Ceaselessly Offered, Far Better Than Sacrifices.

 Chapter VII.—What Sort of Prayer the Gnostic Employs, and How It is Heard by God.

 Chapter VIII.—The Gnostic So Addicted to Truth as Not to Need to Use an Oath.

 Chapter IX.—Those Who Teach Others, Ought to Excel in Virtues.

 Chapter X.—Steps to Perfection.

 Chapter XI.—Description of the Gnostic’s Life.

 Chapter XII.—The True Gnostic is Beneficent, Continent, and Despises Worldly Things.

 Chapter XIII.—Description of the Gnostic Continued.

 Chapter XIV.—Description of the Gnostic Furnished by an Exposition of 1 Cor. vi. 1, Etc.

 Chapter XV.—The Objection to Join the Church on Account of the Diversity of Heresies Answered.

 Chapter XVI.—Scripture the Criterion by Which Truth and Heresy are Distinguished.

 Chapter XVII.—The Tradition of the Church Prior to that of the Heresies.

 Chapter XVIII—The Distinction Between Clean and Unclean Animals in the Law Symbolical of the Distinction Between the Church, and Jews, and Heretics.

 Book VIII. Chapter I.—The Object of Philosophical and Theological Inquiry—The Discovery of Truth.

 Chapter II.—The Necessity of Perspicuous Definition.

 Chapter III.—Demonstration Defined.

 Chapter IV.—To Prevent Ambiguity, We Must Begin with Clear Definition.

 Chapter V.—Application of Demonstration to Sceptical Suspense of Judgment.

 Chapter VI.—Definitions, Genera, and Species.

 Chapter VII.—On the Causes of Doubt or Assent.

 Chapter VIII.—The Method of Classifying Things and Names.

 Chapter IX.—On the Different Kinds of Cause.

Chapter X.—The Opinion of the Apostles on Veiling the Mysteries of the Faith.

Rightly, therefore, the divine apostle says, “By revelation the mystery was made known to me (as I wrote before in brief, in accordance with which, when ye read, ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ), which in other ages was not made known to the sons of men, as it is now revealed to His holy apostles and prophets.”1235    Eph. iii. 3–5. For there is an instruction of the perfect, of which, writing to the Colossians, he says, “We cease not to pray for you, and beseech that ye may be filled with the knowledge of His will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding; that ye may walk worthy of the Lord to all pleasing; being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God; strengthened with all might according to the glory of His power.”1236    Col. i. 9–11. And again he says, “According to the disposition of the grace of God which is given me, that ye may fulfil the word of God; the mystery which has been hid from ages and generations, which now is manifested to His saints: to whom God wished to make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the nations.”1237    Col. i. 25–27. So that, on the one hand, then, are the mysteries which were hid till the time of the apostles, and were delivered by them as they received from the Lord, and, concealed in the Old Testament, were manifested to the saints. And, on the other hand, there is “the riches of the glory of the mystery in the Gentiles,” which is faith and hope in Christ; which in another place he has called the “foundation.”1238    Col. i. 27. And again, as if in eagerness to divulge this knowledge, he thus writes: “Warning every man in all wisdom, that we may present every man (the whole man) perfect in Christ;” not every man simply, since no one would be unbelieving. Nor does he call every man who believes in Christ perfect; but he1239    [Elucidation VI.] says all the man, as if he said the whole man, as if purified in body and soul. For that the knowledge does not appertain to all, he expressly adds: “Being knit together in love, and unto all the riches of the full assurance of knowledge, to the acknowledgment of the mystery of God in Christ, in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and of knowledge.”1240    Col. ii. 2, 3. “Continue in prayer, watching therein with thanksgiving.”1241    Col. iv. 2. And thanksgiving has place not for the soul and spiritual blessings alone, but also for the body, and for the good things of the body. And he still more clearly reveals that knowledge belongs not to all, by adding: “Praying at the same time for you, that God would open to us a door to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am bound; that I may make it known as I ought to speak.”1242    Col. iv. 3, 4. For there were certainly, among the Hebrews, some things delivered unwritten. “For when ye ought to be teachers for the time,” it is said, as if they had grown old in the Old Testament, “ye have again need that one teach you which be the first principles of the oracles of God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of solid food. For every one that partaketh of milk is unskilful in the word of righteousness; for he is a babe, being instructed with the first lessons. But solid food belongs to those who are of full age, who by reason of use have their senses exercised so as to distinguish between good and evil. Wherefore, leaving the first principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on to perfection.”1243    Heb. v. 12, 13, 14; vi. 1.

Barnabas, too, who in person preached the word along with the apostle in the ministry of the Gentiles, says, “I write to you most simply, that ye may understand.” Then below, exhibiting already a clearer trace of gnostic tradition, he says, “What says the other prophet Moses to them? Lo, thus saith the Lord God, Enter ye into the good land which the Lord God sware, the God of Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob; and ye received for an inheritance that land, flowing with milk and honey.”1244    [Ex. xxxiii. 1; Lev. xx. 24. S.] What says knowledge? Learn, hope, it says, in Jesus, who is to be manifested to you in the flesh. For man is the suffering land; for from the face of the ground was the formation of Adam. What, then, does it say in reference to the good land, flowing with milk and honey? Blessed be our Lord, brethren, who has put into our hearts wisdom, and the understanding of His secrets. For the prophet says, “Who shall understand the Lord’s parable but the wise and understanding, and he that loves his Lord?” It is but for few to comprehend these things. For it is not in the way of envy that the Lord announced in a Gospel, “My mystery is to me, and to the sons of my house;” placing the election in safety, and beyond anxiety; so that the things pertaining to what it has chosen and taken may be above the reach of envy. For he who has not the knowledge of good is wicked: for there is one good, the Father; and to be ignorant of the Father is death, as to know Him is eternal life, through participation in the power of the incorrupt One. And to be incorruptible is to participate in divinity; but revolt from the knowledge of God brings corruption. Again the prophet says: “And I will give thee treasures, concealed, dark, unseen; that they may know that I am the Lord.”1245    Isa. xlv. 3. Similarly David sings: “For, lo, Thou hast loved truth; the obscure and hidden things of wisdom hast Thou showed me.”1246    Ps. li. 6, Sept. “Day utters speech to day”1247    Ps. xix. 2, 3. (what is clearly written), “and night to night proclaims knowledge” (which is hidden in a mystic veil); “and there are no words or utterances whose voices shall not be heard” by God, who said, “Shall one do what is secret, and I shall not see him?”

Wherefore instruction, which reveals hidden things, is called illumination, as it is the teacher only who uncovers the lid of the ark, contrary to what the poets say, that “Zeus stops up the jar of good things, but opens that of evil.” “For I know,” says the apostle, “that when I come to you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of Christ;”1248    Rom. xv. 29. designating the spiritual gift, and the gnostic communication, which being present he desires to impart to them present as “the fulness of Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery sealed in the ages of eternity, but now manifested by the prophetic Scriptures, according to the command of the eternal God, made known to all the nations, in order to the obedience of faith,” that is, those of the nations who believe that it is. But only to a few of them is shown what those things are which are contained in the mystery.

Rightly then, Plato, in the Epistles, treating of God, says: “We must speak in enigmas; that should the tablet come by any mischance on its leaves either by sea or land, he who reads may remain ignorant.” For the God of the universe, who is above all speech, all conception, all thought, can never be committed to writing, being inexpressible even by His own power. And this too Plato showed, by saying: “Considering, then, these things, take care lest some time or other you repent on account of the present things, departing in a manner unworthy. The greatest safeguard is not to write, but learn; for it is utterly impossible that what is written will not vanish.”

Akin to this is what the holy Apostle Paul says, preserving the prophetic and truly ancient secret from which the teachings that were good were derived by the Greeks: “Howbeit we speak wisdom among them who are perfect; but not the wisdom of this world, or of the princes of this world, that come to nought; but we speak the wisdom of God hidden in a mystery.”1249    1 Cor. ii. 6, 7. Then proceeding, he thus inculcates the caution against the divulging of his words to the multitude in the following terms: “And I, brethren, could not speak to you as to spiritual, but as to carnal, even to babes in Christ. I have fed you with milk, not with meat: for ye were not yet able; neither are ye now able. For ye are yet carnal.”1250    1 Cor. iii. 1–3.

If, then, “the milk” is said by the apostle to belong to the babes, and “meat” to be the food of the full-grown, milk will be understood to be catechetical instruction—the first food, as it were, of the soul. And meat is the mystic contemplation; for this is the flesh and the blood of the Word, that is, the comprehension of the divine power and essence. “Taste and see that the Lord is Christ,”1251    Ps. xxxiv. 8; according to the reading Χριστός for χρηστός. it is said. For so He imparts of Himself to those who partake of such food in a more spiritual manner; when now the soul nourishes itself, according to the truth-loving Plato. For the knowledge of the divine essence is the meat and drink of the divine Word. Wherefore also Plato says, in the second book of the Republic, “It is those that sacrifice not a sow, but some great and difficult sacrifice,” who ought to inquire respecting God. And the apostle writes, “Christ our passover was sacrificed for us;”1252    1 Cor. v. 7.—a sacrifice hard to procure, in truth, the Son of God consecrated for us.

Εἰκότως ἄρα ὁ θεσπέσιος ἀπόστολος κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν φησὶν ἐγνωρίσθη μοι τὸ μυστήριον, καθὼς προέγραψα ἐν ὀλίγῳ, πρὸς ὃ δύνασθε ἀναγινώσκοντες νοῆσαι τὴν σύνεσίν μου ἐν τῷ μυ στηρίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ προφήταις. ἔστιν γάρ τις καὶ τελείων μάθησις, περὶ ἧς πρὸς τοὺς Κολοσσαεῖς γράφων φησίν· οὐ παυόμεθα ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν προσευχόμενοι καὶ αἰτούμενοι, ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματικῇ, περιπατῆσαι ἀξίως τοῦ κυρίου εἰς πᾶσαν ἀρέσκειαν, παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ καρποφοροῦντες καὶ αὐξανόμενοι τῇ ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει ἐνδυναμούμενοι κατὰ τὸ κράτος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ. καὶ πάλιν κατὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι φησὶν εἰς ὑμᾶς πληρῶσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸ μυστήριον τὸ ἀποκεκρυμμένον ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γενεῶν, ὃ νῦν ἐφανερώθη τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ, οἷς ἠθέλησεν ὁ θεὸς γνωρίσαι, τί τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τούτου ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. ὥστε ἄλλα μὲν τὰ μυστήρια τὰ ἀποκεκρυμμένα ἄχρι τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ ὑπ' αὐτῶν παραδοθέντα ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ κυρίου παρειλήφασιν (ἀποκεκρυμμένα δὲ ἐν τῇ παλαιᾷ διαθήκῃ), ἃ νῦν ἐφανερώθη τοῖς ἁγίοις, ἄλλο δὲ τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ πίστις καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡ εἰς Χριστόν, ὃν ἀλλαχῇ θεμέλιον εἴρηκεν. καὶ πάλιν οἷον φιλοτιμούμενος ἐμφῆναι τὴν γνῶσιν ὧδέ πως γράφει· νουθετοῦντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ, ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον τέλειον ἐν Χριστῷ· οὐ πάντα ἁπλῶς ἄνθρωπον, ἐπεὶ οὐδεὶς ἂν ἦν ἄπιστος, οὐδὲ μὴν πάντα τὸν πιστεύοντα τέλειον ἐν Χριστῷ, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἄνθρωπον λέγει, ὡς εἰπεῖν ὅλον τὸν ἄνθρωπον, οἷον σώματι καὶ ψυχῇ ἡγνισμένον, ἐπεί, ὅτι οὐ πάντων ἡ γνῶσις, διαρρήδην ἐπιφέρει· συμβιβασθέντες ἐν ἀγάπῃ καὶ εἰς πᾶν πλοῦτος τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως, εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν ᾧ εἰσι πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ τῆς γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι. τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτερεῖτε, γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ· ἡ εὐχαριστία δὲ οὐκ ἐπὶ ψυχῆς μόνον καὶ τῶν πνευματικῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος γίνεται καὶ τῶν τοῦ σώματος ἀγαθῶν. καὶ ἔτι σαφέστερον ἐκκαλύπτει τὸ μὴ πάντων εἶναι τὴν γνῶσιν, ἐπιλέγων· προσευχόμενοι ἅμα καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν, ἵνα ὁ θεὸς ἀνοίξῃ ἡμῖν θύραν τοῦ λαλῆσαι τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' ὃ καὶ δέδεμαι, ἵνα φανερώσω αὐτὸ ὡς δεῖ με λαλῆσαι. ἦν γάρ τινα ἀγράφως παραδιδόμενα. αὐτίκα τοῖς Ἑβραίοις καὶ γὰρ ὀφείλοντες εἶναι διδάσκαλοι διὰ τὸν χρόνον φησίν, ὡς ἂν ἐγγηράσαντες τῇ διαθήκῃ τῇ παλαιᾷ, πάλιν χρείαν ἔχετε τοῦ διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς, τίνα τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρχῆς τῶν λογίων τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ γεγόνατε χρείαν ἔχοντες γάλακτος καὶ οὐ στερεᾶς τροφῆς· πᾶς γὰρ ὁ μετέχων γάλακτος ἄπειρος λόγου δικαιοσύνης, νήπιος γάρ ἐστι, τὰ πρῶτα μαθήματα πεπιστευμένος· τελείων δέ ἐστιν ἡ στερεὰ τροφή, τῶν διὰ τὴν ἕξιν τὰ αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα ἐχόντων πρὸς διάκρισιν καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ. διὸ ἀφέντες τὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγον ἐπὶ τὴν τελειότητα φερώμεθα. Ἀλλὰ καὶ Βαρνάβας ὁ καὶ αὐτὸς συγκηρύξας τῷ ἀποστόλῳ κατὰ τὴν διακονίαν τῶν ἐθνῶν τὸν λόγον ἁπλούστερον φησὶν ὑμῖν γράφω, ἵνα συνιῆτε. εἶθ' ὑποβὰς ἤδη σαφέστερον γνωστικῆς παραδόσεως ἴχνος παρατιθέμενος λέγει· τί λέγει ὁ ἄλλος προφήτης Μωυσῆς αὐτοῖς; "ἰδοὺ τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός· εἰσέλθετε εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθήν, ἣν ὤμοσεν κύριος ὁ θεός, ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακώβ, καὶ κατακληρονομήσατε αὐτήν, γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι." τί λέγει ἡ γνῶσις; μάθετε. ἐλπίσατε, φησίν, ἐπὶ τὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μέλλοντα φανεροῦσθαι ὑμῖν Ἰησοῦν· ἄνθρωπος γὰρ γῆ ἐστι πάσχουσα· ἀπὸ προσώπου γὰρ γῆς ἡ πλάσις τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἐγένετο· τί οὖν λέγει· "εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀγαθήν, γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι"; εὐλογητὸς [ὁ] κύριος ἡμῶν, ἀδελφοί, ὁ σοφίαν καὶ νοῦν θέμενος ἐν ἡμῖν τῶν κρυφίων αὐτοῦ. λέγει γὰρ ὁ προφήτης· "παραβολὴν κυρίου τίς νοήσει, εἰ μὴ σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιστήμων καὶ ἀγαπῶν τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ;" ἐπεὶ ὀλίγων ἐστὶ ταῦτα χωρῆσαι. οὐ γὰρ φθονῶν, φησί, παρήγγειλεν ὁ κύριος ἔν τινι εὐαγγελίῳ· μυστήριον ἐμὸν ἐμοὶ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς τοῦ οἴκου μου, ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ καὶ ἀμερίμνῳ τὴν ἐκλογὴν ποιούμενος, ἵνα τὰ οἰκεῖα ὧν εἵλετο λαβοῦσα ἀνωτέρα ζήλου γένηται· ὁ μὲν γὰρ μὴ ἔχων γνῶσιν ἀγαθοῦ πονηρός ἐστιν, ὅτι εἷς ἀγαθός, ὁ πατήρ· τὸ δὲ ἀγνοεῖν τὸν πατέρα θάνατός ἐστιν, ὡς τὸ γνῶναι ζωὴ αἰώνιος κατὰ μετουσίαν τῆς τοῦ ἀφθάρτου δυνάμεως. καὶ τὸ μὲν μὴ φθείρεσθαι θειότητος μετέχειν ἐστί, φθορὰν δὲ ἡ ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ γνώσεως ἀπόστασις παρέχει. πάλιν ὁ προφήτης· καὶ δώσω σοι θησαυροὺς ἀποκρύφους, σκοτεινούς, ἀοράτους, ἵνα γνῶσιν ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός. τὰ εἰκότα τούτοις καὶ ὁ ∆αβὶδ ψάλλει· ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἀλήθειαν ἠγάπησας, τὰ ἄδηλα καὶ τὰ κρύφια τῆς σοφίας σου ἐδήλωσάς μοι. ἡμέρα γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐρεύγεται ῥῆμα, τὸ γεγραμμένον ἄντικρυς, καὶ νὺξ νυκτὶ ἀναγγέλλει γνῶσιν, τὴν ἐπικεκρυμμένην μυστικῶς, καὶ οὔκ εἰσι λόγοι οὐδὲ λαλιαί, ὧν οὐκ ἀκούονται αἱ φωναὶ αὐτῶν τῷ θεῷ τῷ φήσαντι· ποιήσει τις κρύφα, καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπόψομαι αὐτόν; διὰ τοῦτο φωτισμὸς ἡ μαθητεία κέκληται ἡ τὰ κεκρυμμένα φανερώσασα, ἀποκαλύψαντος μόνου τοῦ διδασκάλου τὸ πῶμα τῆς κιβωτοῦ, ἔμπαλιν ἢ οἱ ποιηταὶ τὸν ∆ία φασὶ τὸν μὲν τῶν ἀγαθῶν πίθον ἐπιλαβεῖν, ἀνοῖξαι δὲ τὸν τῶν φαύλων. οἶδα ὅτι ἐρχόμενος φησὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας Χριστοῦ ἐλεύσομαι, τὸ πνευματικὸν χάρισμα καὶ τὴν γνωστικὴν παράδοσιν, ἣν μεταδοῦναι αὐτοῖς παρὼν παροῦσι ποθεῖ (οὐ γὰρ δι' ἐπιστολῆς οἷά τε ἦν ταῦτα μηνύεσθαι), πλήρωμα Χριστοῦ καλέσας, κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου χρόνοις αἰωνίοις σεσιγημένου, φανερωθέντος δὲ νῦν διά τε γραφῶν προφητικῶν κατ' ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ αἰωνίου θεοῦ εἰς ὑπακοὴν πίστεως εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη γνωρισθέντος, τουτέστι τοὺς ἐξ ἐθνῶν πιστεύοντας, ὅτι ἐστίν· ὀλίγοις δὲ ἐκ τούτων καὶ τό, τίνα ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ ἐν μυστηρίῳ, δείκνυται. Εἰκότως τοίνυν καὶ Πλάτων ἐν ταῖς Ἐπιστολαῖς περὶ θεοῦ διαλαμβάνων φραστέον δή σοι φησὶ δι' αἰνιγμάτων, ἵν' ἤν τι [ἡ] δέλτος ἢ πόντου ἢ γῆς ἐν πτυχαῖς πάθῃ, ὁ ἀναγνοὺς μὴ γνῷ. ὁ γὰρ τῶν ὅλων θεὸς ὁ ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν φωνὴν καὶ πᾶν νόημα καὶ πᾶσαν ἔννοιαν οὐκ ἄν ποτε γραφῇ παραδοθείη, ἄρρητος ὢν δυνάμει τῇ αὑτοῦ. ὅπερ καὶ αὐτὸ δεδήλωκεν Πλάτων λέγων· πρὸς ταῦτ' οὖν σκοπῶν εὐλαβοῦ, μή ποτέ σοι μεταμελήσῃ τῶν νῦν ἀναξίως ἐκπεσόντων· μεγίστη δὲ φυλακὴ τὸ μὴ γράφειν, ἀλλ' ἐκμανθάνειν· οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν τὰ γραφέντα μὴ οὐκ ἐκπεσεῖν. ἀδελφὰ τούτοις ὁ ἅγιος ἀπόστολος Παῦλος λέγει, τὴν προφητικὴν καὶ τῷ ὄντι ἀρχαίαν σῴζων ἐπίκρυψιν, ἀφ' ἧς τὰ καλὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐρρύη δόγματα· σοφίαν δὲ λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις, σοφίαν δὲ οὐ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου οὐδὲ τῶν ἀρχόντων τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου τῶν καταργουμένων· ἀλλὰ λαλοῦμεν θεοῦ σοφίαν ἐν μυστηρίῳ, τὴν ἀποκεκρυμμένην. ἔπειτα ὑποβὰς τὸ εὐλαβὲς τῆς εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν λόγων ἐκφοιτήσεως ὧδέ πως διδάσκει· κἀγώ, ἀδελφοί, οὐκ ἠδυνήθην ὑμῖν λαλῆσαι ὡς πνευματικοῖς, ἀλλ' ὡς σαρκίνοις, ὡς νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ, γάλα ὑμᾶς ἐπότισα, οὐ βρῶμα· οὔπω γὰρ ἐδύνασθε· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἔτι νῦν δύνασθε· ἔτι γάρ ἐστε σαρκικοί. εἰ τοίνυν τὸ μὲν γάλα τῶν νηπίων, τὸ βρῶμα δὲ τῶν τελείων τροφὴ πρὸς τοῦ ἀποστόλου εἴρηται, γάλα μὲν ἡ κατήχησις οἱονεὶ πρώτη ψυχῆς τροφὴ νοηθήσεται, βρῶμα δὲ ἡ ἐποπτικὴ θεωρία· σάρκες αὗται καὶ αἷμα τοῦ λόγου, τουτέστι κατάληψις τῆς θείας δυνάμεως καὶ οὐσίας. γεύσασθε καὶ ἴδετε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος, φησίν· οὕτως γὰρ ἑαυτοῦ μεταδίδωσι τοῖς πνευματικώτερον τῆς τοιαύτης μεταλαμβάνουσι βρώσεως, ὅτε δὴ ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτὴ ἑαυτὴν ἤδη τρέφει κατὰ τὸν φιλαλήθη Πλάτωνα· βρῶσις γὰρ καὶ πόσις τοῦ θείου λόγου ἡ γνῶσίς ἐστι τῆς θείας οὐσίας. διὸ καί φησιν ἐν δευτέρῳ Πολιτείας ὁ Πλάτων· θυσαμένους οὐ χοῖρον, ἀλλά τι μέγα καὶ ἄπορον θῦμα, οὕτω χρῆναι ζητεῖν περὶ θεοῦ. ὁ δὲ ἀπόστολος καὶ τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη γράφει Χριστός, ἄπορον ὡς ἀληθῶς θῦμα, υἱὸς θεοῦ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁγιαζόμενος.