Chapter 35

Midway between the equivocals and the univocals there are certain other things which both share and differ in their name and definition and which are called conjugates. Such is ‘grammarian,’ which is derived from ‘grammar.’ These do share in their name, but they differ in the ending of. the name, that is, in the last syllables. Furthermore, they both share and differ in their definition, because grammar is a knowledge, whereas the grammarian is the substance in which that knowledge is. Those things, then, are conjugates which get their appellation from something by inflective variation, that is to say, variation of the name of the thing.

Moreover, one must know that grammar and music and justice are not derivatives, but that the musician, the grammarian, and the just are. This is because grammarian is derived from grammar, musician from music, and just from justice.

And one must know that the conjugates contain the things from which they are derived, as the grammarian contains the grammar and the just man justice. This, however, is by no means true in the case of things which are derivative. Thus, the medical instrument does not contain medicine.

[21] {Περὶ παρωνύμων.} Εἰσὶ δέ τινα μέσον τῶν ὁμωνύμων καὶ συνωνύμων, κοινωνοῦντα καὶ διαφέροντα τῷ τε ὀνόματι καὶ τῷ ὅρῳ, ἅτινα λέγονται παρώνυμα, ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς γραμματικῆς γραμματικός: κοινωνοῦσι γὰρ τῷ ὀνόματι, διαφέρουσι δὲ κατὰ τὴν λῆξιν τοῦ ὀνόματος ἤγουν τὴν τελευταίαν συλλαβήν: καὶ πάλιν τῷ ὅρῳ κοινωνοῦσί τε καὶ διαφέρουσιν, ὅτι ἡ μὲν γραμματικὴ γνῶσίς ἐστιν, ὁ δὲ γραμματικὸς οὐσία, ἐν ᾗ ἡ γνῶσις. Παρώνυμα δέ εἰσιν, ὅσα ἀπό τινος διαφέροντα τῇ πτώσει ἤγουν τῇ κλίσει τοῦ ὀνόματος τὴν προσηγορίαν ἔχει. Δεῖ δὲ γινώσκειν, ὡς ἡ γραμματικὴ καὶ ἡ μουσικὴ οὔκ εἰσι παρώνυμα, ἀλλ' ὁ μουσικὸς ἐκ τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ ὁ γραμματικὸς ἐκ τῆς γραμματικῆς παρωνομάσθη καὶ ὁ δίκαιος ἐκ τῆς δικαιοσύνης. Δεῖ δὲ γινώσκειν, ὅτι τὰ μὲν παρώνυμα περιέχουσι τὰ ἀφ' ὧν παρωνομάσθησαν ὡς ὁ γραμματικὸς τὴν γραμματικὴν καὶ ὁ δίκαιος τὴν δικαιοσύνην, τὰ δὲ ἀφ' ἑνὸς οὐδαμῶς: οὐ γὰρ περιέχει τὸ ἰατρικὸν ἐργαλεῖον τὴν ἰατρικήν.