Introduction to the Devout Life

 PART I. COUNSELS AND PRACTICES SUITABLE FOR THE SOUL'S GUIDANCE FROM THE FIRST ASPIRATION AFTER A DEVOUT LIFE TO THE POINT WHEN IT ATTAINS A CONFIRMED

 CHAPTER I. What true Devotion is. CHAPTER I. What true Devotion is.

 CHAPTER II. The Nature and Excellence of Devotion. CHAPTER II. The Nature and Excellence of Devotion.

 CHAPTER III. Devotion is suitable to every Vocation and Profession. CHAPTER III. Devotion is suitable to every Vocation and Profession.

 CHAPTER IV. The Need of a Guide for those who would enter upon and advance in the Devout Life. CHAPTER IV. The Need of a Guide for those who would ent

 CHAPTER V. The First Step must be Purifying the Soul. CHAPTER V. The First Step must be Purifying the Soul.

 CHAPTER VI. The First Purification, namely, from Mortal Sin. CHAPTER VI. The First Purification, namely, from Mortal Sin.

 CHAPTER VII. The Second Purification, from all Sinful Affections. CHAPTER VII. The Second Purification, from all Sinful Affections.

 CHAPTER VIII. How to effect this Second Purification. CHAPTER VIII. How to effect this Second Purification.

 CHAPTER IX. FIRST MEDITATION. CHAPTER IX. FIRST MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER X. SECOND MEDITATION CHAPTER X. SECOND MEDITATION

 CHAPTER XI. THIRD MEDITATION. CHAPTER XI. THIRD MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XII. FOURTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XII. FOURTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XIII. FIFTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XIII. FIFTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XIV. SIXTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XIV. SIXTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XV. SEVENTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XV. SEVENTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XVI. EIGHTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XVI. EIGHTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XVII. NINTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XVII. NINTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XVIII. TENTH MEDITATION. CHAPTER XVIII. TENTH MEDITATION.

 CHAPTER XIX. How to make a General Confession. CHAPTER XIX. How to make a General Confession.

 CHAPTER XX. A hearty Protest made with the object of confirming the Soul's resolution to serve God, as a conclusion to its acts of Penitence. CHAPTER

 CHAPTER XXI. Conclusion of this First Purification. CHAPTER XXI. Conclusion of this First Purification.

 CHAPTER XXII. The Necessity of Purging away all tendency to Venial Sins. CHAPTER XXII. The Necessity of Purging away all tendency to Venial Sins.

 CHAPTER XXIII. It is needful to put away all Inclination for Useless and Dangerous Things. CHAPTER XXIII. It is needful to put away all Inclination fo

 CHAPTER XXIV. All Evil Inclinations must be purged away. CHAPTER XXIV. All Evil Inclinations must be purged away.

 PART II. CONTAINING SUNDRY COUNSELS AS TO UPLIFTING THE SOUL TO GOD IN PRAYER AND THE USE OF THE SACRAMENTS.

 CHAPTER I. The Necessity of Prayer. CHAPTER I. The Necessity of Prayer.

 CHAPTER II. A short Method of Meditation. And first, the Presence of God, the First Point of Preparation. CHAPTER II. A short Method of Meditation. An

 CHAPTER III. Invocation, the Second Point of Preparation. CHAPTER III. Invocation, the Second Point of Preparation.

 CHAPTER IV. The Third Point of Preparation, representing the Mystery to be meditated to Your Imagination. CHAPTER IV. The Third Point of Preparation,

 CHAPTER V. Considerations, the Second Part of Meditation. CHAPTER V. Considerations, the Second Part of Meditation.

 CHAPTER VI. The Third Part of Meditation, Affections and Resolutions. CHAPTER VI. The Third Part of Meditation, Affections and Resolutions.

 CHAPTER VII. The Conclusion and Spiritual Bouquet. CHAPTER VII. The Conclusion and Spiritual Bouquet.

 CHAPTER VIII. Some Useful Hints as to Meditation. CHAPTER VIII. Some Useful Hints as to Meditation.

 CHAPTER IX. Concerning Dryness in Meditation. CHAPTER IX. Concerning Dryness in Meditation.

 CHAPTER X. Morning Prayer. CHAPTER X. Morning Prayer.

 CHAPTER XI. Evening Prayer and Examination of Conscience. CHAPTER XI. Evening Prayer and Examination of Conscience.

 CHAPTER XII. On Spiritual Retirement. CHAPTER XII. On Spiritual Retirement.

 CHAPTER XIII. Aspirations, Ejaculatory Prayer and Holy Thoughts. CHAPTER XIII. Aspirations, Ejaculatory Prayer and Holy Thoughts.

 CHAPTER XIV. Of Holy Communion, and how to join in it. CHAPTER XIV. Of Holy Communion, and how to join in it.

 CHAPTER XV. Of the other Public Offices of the Church. CHAPTER XV. Of the other Public Offices of the Church.

 CHAPTER XVI. How the Saints are united to us. CHAPTER XVI. How the Saints are united to us.

 CHAPTER XVII. How to Hear and Read God's Word. CHAPTER XVII. How to Hear and Read God’s Word.

 CHAPTER XVIII. How to receive Inspirations. CHAPTER XVIII. How to receive Inspirations.

 CHAPTER XIX. On Confession. CHAPTER XIX. On Confession.

 CHAPTER XX. Of Frequent Communion. CHAPTER XX. Of Frequent Communion.

 CHAPTER XXI. How to Communicate. CHAPTER XXI. How to Communicate.

 PART III. CONTAINING COUNSELS CONCERNING THE PRACTICE OF VIRTUE.

 CHAPTER I. How to select that which we should chiefly Practise. CHAPTER I. How to select that which we should chiefly Practise.

 CHAPTER II. The same Subject continued. CHAPTER II. The same Subject continued.

 CHAPTER III. On Patience. CHAPTER III. On Patience.

 CHAPTER IV. On Greater Humility. CHAPTER IV. On Greater Humility.

 CHAPTER V. On Interior Humility. CHAPTER V. On Interior Humility.

 CHAPTER VI. Humility makes us rejoice in our own Abjection. CHAPTER VI. Humility makes us rejoice in our own Abjection.

 CHAPTER VII. How to combine due care for a Good Reputation with Humility. CHAPTER VII. How to combine due care for a Good Reputation with Humility.

 CHAPTER VIII. Gentleness towards others and Remedies against Anger. CHAPTER VIII. Gentleness towards others and Remedies against Anger.

 CHAPTER IX. On Gentleness towards Ourselves. CHAPTER IX. On Gentleness towards Ourselves.

 CHAPTER X. We must attend to the Business of Life carefully, but without Eagerness or Over-anxiety. CHAPTER X. We must attend to the Business of Life

 CHAPTER XI. On Obedience. CHAPTER XI. On Obedience.

 CHAPTER XII. On Purity. CHAPTER XII. On Purity.

 CHAPTER XIII. How to maintain Purity. CHAPTER XIII. How to maintain Purity.

 CHAPTER XIV. On Poverty of Spirit amid Riches. CHAPTER XIV. On Poverty of Spirit amid Riches.

 CHAPTER XV. How to exercise real Poverty, although actually Rich. CHAPTER XV. How to exercise real Poverty, although actually Rich.

 CHAPTER XVI. How to possess a rich Spirit amid real Poverty. CHAPTER XVI. How to possess a rich Spirit amid real Poverty.

 CHAPTER XVII. On Friendship: Evil and Frivolous Friendship. CHAPTER XVII. On Friendship: Evil and Frivolous Friendship.

 CHAPTER XVIII. On Frivolous Attachments. CHAPTER XVIII. On Frivolous Attachments.

 CHAPTER XIX. Of Real Friendship. CHAPTER XIX. Of Real Friendship.

 CHAPTER XX. Of the Difference between True and False Friendship. CHAPTER XX. Of the Difference between True and False Friendship.

 CHAPTER XXI. Remedies against Evil Friendships. CHAPTER XXI. Remedies against Evil Friendships.

 CHAPTER XXII. Further Advice concerning Intimacies. CHAPTER XXII. Further Advice concerning Intimacies.

 CHAPTER XXIII. On The Practice of Bodily Mortification. CHAPTER XXIII. On The Practice of Bodily Mortification.

 CHAPTER XXIV. Of Society and Solitude. CHAPTER XXIV. Of Society and Solitude.

 CHAPTER XXV. On Modesty in Dress. CHAPTER XXV. On Modesty in Dress.

 CHAPTER XXVI. Of Conversation and, first, how to Speak of God. CHAPTER XXVI. Of Conversation and, first, how to Speak of God.

 CHAPTER XXVII. Of Unseemly Words, and the Respect due to Others. CHAPTER XXVII. Of Unseemly Words, and the Respect due to Others.

 CHAPTER XXVIII. Of Hasty Judgments. CHAPTER XXVIII. Of Hasty Judgments.

 CHAPTER XXIX. On Slander. CHAPTER XXIX. On Slander.

 CHAPTER XXX. Further Counsels as to Conversation. CHAPTER XXX. Further Counsels as to Conversation.

 CHAPTER XXXI. Of Amusements and Recreations: what are allowable. CHAPTER XXXI. Of Amusements and Recreations: what are allowable.

 CHAPTER XXXII. Of Forbidden Amusements. CHAPTER XXXII. Of Forbidden Amusements.

 CHAPTER XXXIII. Of Balls, and other Lawful but Dangerous Amusements. CHAPTER XXXIII. Of Balls, and other Lawful but Dangerous Amusements.

 CHAPTER XXXIV. When to use such Amusements rightly. CHAPTER XXXIV. When to use such Amusements rightly.

 CHAPTER XXXV. We must be Faithful in Things Great and Small. CHAPTER XXXV. We must be Faithful in Things Great and Small.

 CHAPTER XXXVI. Of a Well-Balanced, Reasonable Mind. CHAPTER XXXVI. Of a Well-Balanced, Reasonable Mind.

 CHAPTER XXXVII. Of Wishes. CHAPTER XXXVII. Of Wishes.

 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Counsels to Married People. CHAPTER XXXVIII. Counsels to Married People.

 CHAPTER XXXIX. The Sanctity of the Marriage Bed. CHAPTER XXXIX. The Sanctity of the Marriage Bed.

 CHAPTER XL. Counsels to Widows. CHAPTER XL. Counsels to Widows.

 CHAPTER XLI. One Word to Maidens. CHAPTER XLI. One Word to Maidens.

 PART IV. CONTAINING NEEDFUL COUNSELS CONCERNING SOME ORDINARY TEMPTATIONS.

 CHAPTER I. We must not trifle with the Words of Worldly Wisdom. CHAPTER I. We must not trifle with the Words of Worldly Wisdom.

 CHAPTER II. The need of a Good Courage. CHAPTER II. The need of a Good Courage.

 CHAPTER III. Of Temptations, and the difference between experiencing them and consenting to them. CHAPTER III. Of Temptations, and the difference betw

 CHAPTER IV. Two striking Illustrations of the same. CHAPTER IV. Two striking Illustrations of the same.

 CHAPTER V. Encouragement for the Tempted Soul. CHAPTER V. Encouragement for the Tempted Soul.

 CHAPTER VI. When Temptation and Delectation are Sin. CHAPTER VI. When Temptation and Delectation are Sin.

 CHAPTER VII. Remedies for Great Occasions. CHAPTER VII. Remedies for Great Occasions.

 CHAPTER VIII. How to resist Minor Temptations. CHAPTER VIII. How to resist Minor Temptations.

 CHAPTER IX. How remedy Minor Temptations. CHAPTER IX. How remedy Minor Temptations.

 CHAPTER X. How to strengthen the Heart against Temptation. CHAPTER X. How to strengthen the Heart against Temptation.

 CHAPTER XI. Anxiety of Mind. CHAPTER XI. Anxiety of Mind.

 CHAPTER XII. Of Sadness and Sorrow. CHAPTER XII. Of Sadness and Sorrow.

 CHAPTER XIII. Of Spiritual and Sensible Consolations, and how to receive them. CHAPTER XIII. Of Spiritual and Sensible Consolations, and how to receiv

 CHAPTER XIV. Of Dryness and Spiritual Barrenness. CHAPTER XIV. Of Dryness and Spiritual Barrenness.

 CHAPTER XV. An Illustration. CHAPTER XV. An Illustration.

 PART V. CONTAINING COUNSELS AND PRACTICES FOR RENEWING AND CONFIRMING THE SOUL IN DEVOTION.

 CHAPTER I. It is well yearly to renew Good Resolutions by means of the following Exercises. CHAPTER I. It is well yearly to renew Good Resolutions by

 CHAPTER II. Meditation on the Benefit conferred on us by God in calling us to His Service. CHAPTER II. Meditation on the Benefit conferred on us by Go

 CHAPTER III. Examination of the Soul as to its Progress in the Devout Life. CHAPTER III. Examination of the Soul as to its Progress in the Devout Life

 CHAPTER IV. Examination of the Soul's Condition as regards God. CHAPTER IV. Examination of the Soul’s Condition as regards God.

 CHAPTER V. Examination of your Condition as regards yourself. CHAPTER V. Examination of your Condition as regards yourself.

 CHAPTER VI. Examination of the Soul's Condition as regards our Neighbour. CHAPTER VI. Examination of the Soul’s Condition as regards our Neighbour.

 CHAPTER VII. Examination as to the Affectations of the Soul. CHAPTER VII. Examination as to the Affectations of the Soul.

 CHAPTER VIII. The Affections to be excited after such Examination. CHAPTER VIII. The Affections to be excited after such Examination.

 CHAPTER IX. Reflections suitable to the renewal of Good Resolutions. CHAPTER IX. Reflections suitable to the renewal of Good Resolutions.

 CHAPTER X. First Consideration--of the Worth of Souls. CHAPTER X. First Consideration—of the Worth of Souls.

 CHAPTER XI. Second Consideration--on the Excellence of Virtue. CHAPTER XI. Second Consideration—on the Excellence of Virtue.

 CHAPTER XII. The Example of the Saints. CHAPTER XII. The Example of the Saints.

 CHAPTER XIII. The Love which Jesus Christ bears to us. CHAPTER XIII. The Love which Jesus Christ bears to us.

 CHAPTER XIV. The Eternal Love of God for us. CHAPTER XIV. The Eternal Love of God for us.

 CHAPTER XV. General Affections which should result from these Considerations, and Conclusion of the Exercise. CHAPTER XV. General Affections which sho

 CHAPTER XVI. The Impressions which should remain after this Exercise. CHAPTER XVI. The Impressions which should remain after this Exercise.

 CHAPTER XVII. An Answer to Two Objections which may be made to this Book. CHAPTER XVII. An Answer to Two Objections which may be made to this Book.

 CHAPTER XVIII. Three Important and Final Counsels. CHAPTER XVIII. Three Important and Final Counsels.

CHAPTER XIV. Of Dryness and Spiritual Barrenness. CHAPTER XIV. Of Dryness and Spiritual Barrenness.

SO much for what is to be done in times of spiritual consolations. But these bright days will not last for ever, and sometimes you will be so devoid of all devout feelings, that it will seem to you that your soul is a desert land, fruitless, sterile, wherein you can find no path leading to God, no drop of the waters of Grace to soften the dryness which threatens to choke it entirely. Verily, at such a time the soul is greatly to be pitied, above all, when this trouble presses heavily, for then, like David, its meat are tears day and night, while the Enemy strives to drive it to despair, crying out, “Where is now thy God? how thinkest thou to find Him, or how wilt thou ever find again the joy of His Holy Grace?”

What will you do then, my child? Look well whence the trial comes, for we are often ourselves the cause of our own dryness and barrenness. A mother refuses sugar to her sickly child, and so God deprives us of consolations when they do but feed self-complacency or presumption. “It is good for me that I have been in 334 trouble, for before I was troubled I went wrong.” [1] So if we neglect to gather up and use the treasures of God’s Love in due time, He withdraws them as a punishment of our sloth. The Israelite who neglected to gather his store of manna in the early morning, found none after sunrise, for it was all melted. Sometimes, too, we are like the Bride of the Canticles, slumbering on a bed of sensual satisfaction and perishable delight, so that when the Bridegroom knocks at the door of our heart, and calls us to our spiritual duties, we dally with Him, loath to quit our idle and delusive pleasures, and then He “withdraws Himself, and is gone,” and “when I sought Him, I could not find Him; I called Him, but He gave me no answer.” [1] Of a truth we deserved as much for having been so disloyal as to have rejected Him for the things of this world. If we are content with the fleshpots of Egypt we shall never receive heavenly manna. Bees abhor all artificial scents, and the sweetness of the Holy Spirit is incompatible with the world’s artificial pleasures.

Again, any duplicity or unreality in confession or spiritual intercourse with your director tends to dryness and barrenness, for, if you lie to God’s Holy Spirit, you can scarcely wonder that He refuses you His comfort. If you do not choose 335 to be simple and honest as a little child, you will not win the child’s sweetmeats.

Or you have satiated yourself with worldly delights; and so no wonder that spiritual pleasures are repulsive to you. “To the overfed dove even cherries are bitter,” says an old proverb; and Our Lady in her song of praise says, “He has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich He hath sent empty away.” They who abound in earthly pleasures are incapable of appreciating such as are spiritual.

If you have carefully stored up the fruits of past consolations, you will receive more; “to him that hath yet more shall be given,” but from him who has not kept that which he had, who has lost it through carelessness, that which he hath shall be taken away, in other words, he will not receive the grace destined for him. Rain refreshes living plants, but it only brings rottenness and decay to those which are already dead. There are many such causes whereby we lose the consolations of religion, and fall into dryness and deadness of spirit, so that it is well to examine our conscience, and see if we can trace any of these or similar faults. But always remember that this examination must not be made anxiously, or in an over-exacting spirit. Thus if, after an honest investigation of our own conduct, we find the cause of our wrongdoing, 336 we must thank God, for an evil is half cured when we have found out its cause. But if, on the contrary, you do not find any particular thing which has led to this dryness, do not trifle away your time in a further uneasy search, but, without more ado, and in all simplicity, do as follows:—

1. Humble yourself profoundly before God, acknowledging your nothingness and misery. Alas, what am I when left to myself! no better, Lord, than a parched ground, whose cracks and crevices on every side testify its need of the gracious rain of Heaven, while, nevertheless, the world’s blasts wither it more and more to dust.

2. Call upon God, and ask for His Gladness. “O give me the comfort of Thy help again! My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me.” “Depart, O ye unfruitful wind, which parcheth up my soul, and come, O gracious south wind, blow upon my garden.” Such loving desires will fill you with the perfume of holiness.

3. Go to your confessor, open your heart thoroughly, let him see every corner of your soul, and take all his advice with the utmost simplicity and humility, for God loves obedience, and He often makes the counsel we take, specially that of the guides of souls, to be more useful than would seem likely; just as He caused the waters of Jordan, commended by Elijah to 337 Naaman, to cure his leprosy in spite of the improbability to human reason.

4. But, after all, nothing is so useful, so fruitful amid this dryness and barrenness, as not to yield to a passionate desire of being delivered from it. I do not say that one may not desire to be set free, but only that one ought not to desire it over-eagerly, but to leave all to the sole Mercy of God’s special Providence, in order that, so long as He pleases, He may keep us amid these thorns and longings. Let us say to God at such seasons, “O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; ”—but let us add heartily, “Nevertheless, not my will, but Thine be done,” and there let us abide as trustingly as we are able. When God sees us to be filled with such pious indifference, He will comfort us with His grace and favour, as when He beheld Abraham ready to offer up his son Isaac, and comforted him with His blessing. In every sort of affliction, then, whether bodily or spiritual, in every manner of distraction or loss of sensible devotion, let us say with our whole heart, and in the deepest submission, “The Lord gave me all my blessings, the Lord taketh them away, blessed be the Name of the Lord.” If we persevere in this humility, He will restore to us His mercies as he did to Job, who ever spake thus amid all his troubles. 338 5. And lastly, my daughter, amid all our dryness let us never grow discouraged, but go steadily on, patiently waiting the return of better things; let us never be misled to give up any devout practices because of it, but rather if possible, let us increase our good works, and if we cannot offer liquid preserves to our Bridegroom, let us at least offer Him dried fruit—it is all one to Him, so long as the heart we offer be fully resolved to love Him. In fine weather bees make more honey and breed fewer grubs, because they spend so much time in gathering the sweet juices of the flowers that they neglect the multiplication of their race. But in a cold, cloudy spring they have a fuller hive and less honey. And so sometimes, my daughter, in the glowing springtide of spiritual consolations, the soul spends so much time in storing them up, that amid such abundance it performs fewer good works; while, on the contrary, when amid spiritual dryness and bitterness, and devoid of all that is attractive in devotion, it multiplies its substantial good works, and abounds in the hidden virtues of patience, humility, self-abnegation, resignation and unselfishness.

Some people, especially women, fall into the great mistake of imagining that when we offer a dry, distasteful service to God, devoid of all sentiment and emotion, it is unacceptable to His 339 Divine Majesty; whereas, on the contrary, our actions are like roses, which, though they may be more beautiful when fresh, have a sweeter and stronger scent when they are dried. Good works, done with pleasurable interest, are pleasanter to us who think of nothing save our own satisfaction, but when they are done amid dryness and deadness they are more precious in God’s Sight. Yes indeed, my daughter, for in seasons of dryness our will forcibly carries us on in God’s Service, and so it is stronger and more vigorous than at a softer time. There is not much to boast of in serving our Prince in the comfort of a time of peace, but to serve Him amid the toils and hardness of war, amid trial and persecution, is a real proof of faithfulness and perseverance. The blessed Angela di Foligni said, that the most acceptable prayer to God is what is made forcibly and in spite of ourselves; that is to say, prayer made not to please ourselves or our own taste, but solely to please God;—carried on, as it were, in spite of inclination, the will triumphing over all our drynesses and repugnances. And so of all good works;—the more contradictions, exterior or interior, against which we contend in their fulfilment, the more precious they are in God’s Sight; the less of self-pleasing in striving after any virtue, the more Divine Love shines forth in all its purity. 340 A child is easily moved to fondle its mother when she gives it sweet things, but if he kisses her in return for wormwood or camomile it is a proof of very real affection on his part.