Chapter Ii. That the Son being Consubstantial with the Father is also God in His Own Person, even as also the Father.

And the Word was with God.

Having sufficiently shewn that already out of date and astray from the truth is the senseless mind of those who hold such opinions, and having, by saying In the beginning was the Word, closed every loophole to those who say that the Son is of the things that are not, and having utterly stripped off all their nonsense in these words, he goes to another akin and most perverse heresy. And like as some gardener at once most excellent and enduring, delights much in the toils of the mattock, and girding his loins, and in the working-dress befitting him, gives all diligence to present the appearance of his park free from the unseemliness of thorns, and ceases not throwing one upon another, and, ever going round about, removes the troublesome root, applying the stern tooth of the mattock; so the blessed John too, bearing in his mind the quick and powerful and most sharp word of God and considering with keenest glance and clearest attention the bitter shoots of the naughtiness of those who think otherwise, comes upon them so to speak at a run, and with mighty resolution cuts them off on every side, to those who read his books ministering defence in the right faith.

For see now again I pray, the vigilance of this bearer within him of the Spirit. He taught in the foregoing, that the Word was in Ἀρχὴ, that is, in God the Father, as we said. But since, with the eye of his understanding illumined, he was not ignorant, as we may suppose, that certain would arise, of their great ignorance saying that the Father and Son are one and the same, and distinguishing the Holy Trinity only by name, but not suffering Them to exist in Their several Persons, so that the Father should be conceived of as in truth Father and not Son, the Son again to be by Himself Son, not Father, as the word of truth is:----needs against this heresy too as already confronting him, and mooted at that time, or about so to be, does he arm himself, and for its destruction, by the side of In the beginning was the Word he puts forthwith, And the Word was with God: every where adding of necessity the was on account of His Generation before the ages, yet by saying that the Word was with God, shewing that the Son is One, having existence by Himself, God the Father again, with Whom was the Word, Another. For how can that which is one in number be conceived of as itself with itself, or beside itself?

But that the reasoning of the heretics about these things also will be found without learning, we will teach by the considerations below, making an exact test of the questions regarding it.

Proof by demonstration and Scripture testimonies, that the Father is in His Own Person, and the Son likewise, the Holy Ghost being counted with Them as God, even though nothing is for the present enquired into regarding Him.

Consubstantial is the Son with the Father and the Father with the Son, wherefore They arrive at an unchangeable Likeness, so that the Father is seen in the Son, the Son in the Father, and Each flashes forth in the Other, even as the Saviour Himself says, He that hath seen Me hath seen the Father, and again, I in the Father and the Father in Me. But even though He be in the Father, and have again the Father in Him, Himself full well, as has been already said, perfectly exact unto the Form of Him Who begat Him, and depicting again in Himself without any shortcome, the Father whence He is:----not therefore will He be deprived of His separate existence, nor will the Father lose His own special Being; but neither will the surpassing Likeness and Resemblance work any confusion of Persons, so that the Father Who begat and the Son Who is Begotten of Him should be considered as one in number. But sameness of Nature will be confessed of Both, yet the Individual Existence of Each will surely follow, so that both the Father should be conceived of as indeed Father, and the Son as Son. For thus, the Holy Ghost being numbered with them and counted as God, the Holy and Adorable Trinity will have Its Proper Fullness.

Another. If the Son Himself is Father too, what place has the distinction of names? For if He begat not at all, why is He called Father? How Son, if He were not begotten of the Father? For the Names ask as of necessity such an idea regarding them. But since the Divine Scriptures preach that the Son was Begotten, and the truth is so, He has therefore an existence by Himself. The Father too is again by Himself, if indeed that which is begotten is plainly one thing from another as regards that which begets.

Another. The blessed Paul writing his letter to the Philippians says of the Son, Who being in the Form of God, thought it not robbery to be Equal with God. Who then is He Who would not that His being Equal with God should be thought robbery? For must one not needs say, that One is He Who is in the Form of God, Another again He Whose Form it was? But this is clear and confessed by all. Therefore not one and the same in number are Father and Son, but of distinct Being and beheld in One Another, according to sameness of Essence, even if They be One of One, to wit the Son of the Father.

Another. I and My Father are One, said the Saviour, as knowing, that is, that Himself has a separate existence and the Father too. But if the truth of the fact be not so, why did He not, keeping what belongs to oneness, say, I and My Father am One? But since He explains what He means by the plural number, clearly He overthrows the surmise of those who think otherwise. For we are will not be with sense taken of one.

Another. At the fashioning of man the voice of God is introduced saying, Let Us make man in Our Image, after Our likeness. If then the amplitude, if I may so call it, of the Holy Trinity is contracted into a One in number, and they impiously take away from the Father and the Son Their separate Existence: who is he who says, and to whom, Let us make man in Our Image? For He ought forsooth to say, if it be as they in their silly nonsense say, Let us make man in my image, after my likeness. But now the writer of the Book, not saying this indeed, but allotting the creation to the plural number and adding Our image, well-nigh with clear and mighty voice proclaims the enumeration of the Holy Trinity to be above One.

Another. If the Son is the Brightness of the Father, as Light of Light, how is He not other than Him, as of distinct Being? For that which is the embrightened, is so in very deed from other, that namely which brightens it, and not itself from itself.

Another. The Son shewing Himself of the Essence of God the Father says again, I came forth from the Father and am come; again I go to the Father. How then will He not be Other than the Father in Person and number, when all reason persuades us to conceive of that which proceeds from ought as other than that from whence it proceeded? Not true therefore is the contrary argument.

Another. Believing in God the Father, in His Only-Begotten Son, and in the Holy Ghost we are justified. Wherefore the Saviour Himself too enjoins His own Disciples saying Go ye therefore and teach all nations baptizing them in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. If then the difference of the Names is to contribute nothing to our conception, but when one says the Father, he means the Son, and in naming the Son makes mention of the Father, what need was there of bidding that the believers should be baptized not into Unity but into Trinity? But since the tale of the Divine Nature runs forth into the number three, it is I suppose wholly manifest to all that Each of those so numbered exists in His Own Person, but by reason of there being no change in the Nature, It arrives at One Godhead and has the same worship.

Another. The Divine Scripture says that the cities of the Sodomites were burned by the Anger of God, and explaining how the Divine wrath was brought upon them, and clearly describing the mode of the destruction, The Lord, it says, rained upon Sodom brimstone and fire from, the Lord, since this too is the portion of the cup most befitting those who are wont to commit such sins. What Lord then from what Lord sent the fire on and consumed the cities of the Sodomites? It is clear that it was the Father Who worketh all things through the Son, since He is too His Might and His Arm, Who caused Him to rain the fire upon the Sodomites. Since therefore the Lord sends the fire from the Lord upon them, how is not the Father Other, in respect to His own Being, than the Son,, and the Son again than the Father? For the One is here signified as being from One.

Another. Moved by prophetic spirit, and through it foreknowing things to come, the blessed Psalmist had perceived that the human race could no otherwise be saved, except by the alone Appearing of the Son of God, Who is able easily to trans-order all things to whatsoever He will. Wherefore he besought that the Son might be sent to us, as alone able to save those who were under subjection and oppression of the devil, and said, as though to God the Father, O send out Thy Light and Thy Truth. What then the Light is, and what the Truth, hear the Son Himself saying, I am the Light and I am the Truth. But if the Light and the Truth of the Father, that is the Son, be sent to us, how is He not Other than He, as far as His own Being, even if He be One with Him as regards Sameness of Essence? For if any imagine that it is not so, but that Father and Son are one and the Same, why does not he who bears within him the Spirit make the fashion of his prayer different and cry, Come to us, O Light and Truth? But since he says O send out, plainly he knew that One is the Sender, Another the Sent: be the mode of the Sending conceived of as befits God.

Another. The Divine Scriptures say, that through the Son were made all things that are in heaven and that are in earth, visible and invisible, and thus believing, we the worshippers of the truth go on our way in rightness of conception, and within the dogmas of piety. Let us then scrutinize the expression through the Son, and examine what sense it gives us. It is clear that it would have us conceive of the Doer and Worker as One, Him through Whom all things are wrought as Another. For the expression through the Son gives, as of necessity, a sort of exhibition of two Persons. Else let them say how the word through the Son in His being said to do anything, will rightly and truly admit the one in number and in the reckoning thereto pertaining, if none other be conceived of with Him and concurring with Him. But I suppose that our opponent will be wholly at a loss. But since both the Divine Scriptures proclaim that the Father hath wrought all things through the Son, and we believe it and I suppose that they too: how is it not of necessity to conceive that the Father exists separately and by Himself, and in like manner the Son, nor does this any way overthrow the fact that the Holy Trinity is seen in sameness of Essence.  

ΚΕΦΑΛΗ Β. Ὅτι καὶ Θεὸς καὶ ὁμοούσιος τῷ Πατρὶ ὑπάρχων ὁ Υἱὸς ἐν ἰδίᾳ ἐστὶν ὑποστάσει, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ὁ Πατήρ.
« Καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν. » ἝΩΛΟΝ ἤδη, καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀπεσφαλμένην ἀποδείξας ἱκανῶς τὴν ἀμαθῆ τῶν ἐκεῖνα δοξαζόντων διάνοιαν, καὶ διὰ τοῦ εἰπεῖν ” Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος,“ πᾶσαν ἀποκλείσας παρείσδυσιν τοῖς ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἶναι λέγουσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐν τούτοις εἰκαιολογίαν ἀποτόμως περιελὼν, ἐφ' ἑτέραν ἔρχεται γείτονά τε καὶ δυστροπωτάτην αἵρεσιν. καὶ ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις ἄριστός τε ὁμοῦ καὶ τληπαθὴς φυτουργὸς, τοῖς μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ δικέλλῃ καὶ μάλα δὴ πόνοις ἐφήδοιτο, περιεζωσμένος δὲ τὴν ὀσφῦν, καὶ ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα τοῖς αὐτῷ πρέπουσιν ἀγροικιζόμενος σχήμασι, πᾶσαν ποιοῖτο σπουδὴν τῆς ἐξ ἀκανθῶν ἀηδίας ἐλευθέραν ἀποδεῖξαι τοῦ παραδείσου τὴν ὄψιν, ἄλλην δὲ ἐπ' ἄλλην καταστρέφων οὐ παύεται, καὶ κύκλῳ περινοστῶν ἀεὶ τὸ λυποῦν ἀνοχλίζει ξύλον, τὸν σκληρὸν ὀδόντα τῆς δικέλλης ὑποτιθείς: οὕτω καὶ ὁ μακάριος Ἰωάννης τὸν ζῶντα καὶ ἐνεργῆ καὶ τομώτατον τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγον ἐν διανοίᾳ φορῶν, ὀξυωπέστατά τε καὶ νουνεχέστατα τῆς τῶν ἑτεροδοξούντων κακίας τὰ πικρὰ περιαθρῶν βλαστήματα, μονονουχὶ πρὸς αὐτὰ δρομαῖος ἔρχεται, καὶ ἀποτέμνει γοργῶς πανταχόθεν, τοῖς ἐντευξομένοις τοῖς παρ' αὐτοῦ συγγράμμασι τὸ ἐν ὀρθῇ τῇ πίστει φυλάττεσθαι προξενῶν. θέα γὰρ δὴ πάλιν τοῦ πνευματοφόρου τὴν νῆψιν. ἐδίδαξεν ἐν τοῖς προλαβοῦσιν, ὡς ἦν ὁ Λόγος ἐν ἀρχῇ, τουτέστιν, ἐν τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ, καθάπερ εἰρήκαμεν. ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸ τῆς διανοίας ὄμμα πεφωτισμένον ἔχων οὐκ ἠγνόει, κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς, ὡς ἀναστήσονταί τινες ἐκ πολλῆς ἀμαθίας ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι λέγοντες Πατέρα καὶ Υἱὸν, καὶ μόνον ὀνόμασι τὴν ἁγίαν Τριάδα διαστέλλοντες, ἐν δὲ ὑποστάσεσιν ἰδικαῖς οὐ συγχωροῦντες ὑπάρχειν, ἵν' ὁ Πατὴρ μὲν ὄντως νοῆται Πατὴρ καὶ οὐχ Υἱὸς, Υἱὸς δ' αὖ πάλιν ὑπάρχειν ἰδίως ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ οὐ Πατὴρ, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ τῆς ἀληθείας ἔχει λόγος: ἀναγκαίως καὶ πρὸς ταύτην, ὡς ἐπιπαροῦσαν ἤδη, κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ κεκινημένην, ἢ καὶ ἔσεσθαί ποτε μέλλουσαν, τὴν αἵρεσιν ἐξοπλίζεται, καὶ δὴ πρὸς ἀναίρεσιν αὐτῆς παρατίθησιν εὐθὺς τῷ Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος τό Καὶ ὁ Λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν: πανταχῆ μὲν τὸ ἦν ἀναγκαίως ἐπιφέρων διὰ τὴν προαιώνιον γέννησιν αὐτοῦ, διὰ δὲ τοῦ φάναι τὸν Λόγον ὄντα πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, ἓν μέν τι καὶ ὑφεστηκὸς αὐτὸ καθ' ἑαυτὸ τὸν Υἱὸν ἐπιδεικνύων, ἕτερον δὲ πάλιν τὸν Θεὸν καὶ Πατέρα, πρὸς ὃν ἦν ὁ Λόγος: πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὅλως τὸ ἓν ἀριθμῷ αὐτὸ πρὸς ἑαυτὸ, ἤτοι παρ' ἑαυτῷ, νοοῖτο ὑπάρχειν; Ὅτι δὲ ἀμαθὴς τοῖς αἱρετικοῖς καὶ ὁ περὶ τούτων εὑρεθήσεται λόγος, διὰ τῆς ἐν τοῖς ὑποτεταγμένοις θεωρίας διδάξομεν, τὴν τῶν ζητουμένων βάσανον ἀκριβῆ ποιησάμενοι.
« Ἀπόδειξις μετὰ συλλογισμῶν καὶ μαρτυριῶν γραφικῶν, ὅτι καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἰδίᾳ ἐστὶν ὑποστάσει καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὡσαύτως, συνθεολογουμένου δηλονότι καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος, εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ἐξετάζοιτο περὶ αὐτοῦ. » Ὁμοούσιος μὲν οὖν ὁ Υἱὸς τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ τῷ Υἱῷ, διὸ δὴ καὶ εἰς ἀπαράλλακτον ἀναβαίνουσιν ὁμοιότητα, ὡς ὁρᾶσθαι μὲν ἐν Υἱῷ τὸν Πατέρα, ἐν δὲ τῷ Πατρὶ τὸν Υἱὸν, καὶ τῷ ἑτέρῳ τὸν ἕτερον ἐναστράπτειν, καθάπερ καὶ αὐτός που φησὶν ὁ Σωτήρ ” Ὁ ἑωρακὼς ἐμὲ, ἑώρακε τὸν Πατέρα μου,“ καὶ πάλιν ” Ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν ἐμοί.“ ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, ἔχει δὲ πάλιν ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὸν Πατέρα: καλῶς μὲν αὐτὸς, καθάπερ ἤδη προείρηται, πρὸς τὴν τοῦ γεννήσαντος ἀπηκριβωμένος μορφὴν, ἀπαραποιήτως δὲ πάλιν, ἐξ ὧν ἐστιν αὐτὸς, ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὸν γεννήσαντα ζωγραφῶν: οὐ διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ὑπάρχειν ἰδίως ζημιωθήσεται, οὐδ' αὖ πάλιν ἀπολέσει ὁ Πατὴρ τὸ ὑφεστάναι καθ' ἑαυτόν: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἡ πολλὴ λίαν ἐμφέρειά τε καὶ ὁμοιότης ἀνάχυσίν τινα τῶν ὑποστάσεων ἐργάσεται, ὡς ἓν νοεῖσθαι τῷ ἀριθμῷ τὸν γεννήσαντα Πατέρα καὶ τὸν ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεννηθέντα Υἱόν: ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν ταυτότης τῆς φύσεως ἐπ' ἀμφοῖν ὁμολογηθήσεται, τὸ δὲ ἰδίως ἑκάτερον ὑφεστάναι πάντως ἀκολουθεῖ: ἵνα καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ὄντως νοῆται Πατὴρ, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς δὲ Υἱός. ἐπαριθμουμένου γὰρ οὕτω καὶ συνθεολογουμένου τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος, ἡ ἁγία καὶ προσκυνουμένη Τριὰς τὸ οἰκεῖον ἕξει πλήρωμα. Ἄλλο. Εἰ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς καὶ Πατὴρ, ποῖον ἔχει λόγον ἡ τῶν ὀνομάτων διαστολή; εἰ μὴ γὰρ ὅλως ἐγέννησεν, ἱνατί καλεῖται Πατήρ; πῶς δὲ ὅλως Υἱὸς, εἰ μὴ ἐγεννήθη παρὰ Πατρός; αἰτεῖ γὰρ ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης τὴν τοιαύτην ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς θεωρίαν τὰ ὀνόματα. ἐπειδὴ δὲ γεγεννῆσθαι τὸν Υἱὸν αἱ θεῖαι κηρύττουσι γραφαὶ, καὶ ὁ τῆς ἀληθείας οὕτως ἔχει λόγος, ὑφέστηκεν ἄρα καὶ καθ' ἑαυτόν. ἔστι δὲ πάλιν ἰδιαζόντως καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, εἴπερ ἕτερον ἐξ ἑτέρου φαίνεται, τὸ γεννώμενον ὡς πρὸς τὸ γεννῶν. Ἄλλο. Ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος ἐπιστέλλων Φιλιππησίοις περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ φησιν ” Ὃς ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων, οὐχ “ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ.” τίς οὖν ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ ἁρπαγμὸν οὐ θελήσας ἡγήσασθαι τὸ εἶναι ἴσα Θεῷ; ἢ γὰρ οὐκ ἀνάγκη λέγειν, ἕνα μέν τινα ὑπάρχειν τὸν ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ, ἕτερον δὲ πάλιν τὸν οὗπερ ἦν ἡ μορφή; ἀλλ' ἔστι δῆλον ἅπασι καὶ ὁμολογούμενον. οὐκοῦν οὐχ ἕν τι καὶ ταυτὸν τῷ ἀριθμῷ Πατὴρ καὶ Υἱὸς, ἀλλ' ἰδιοσύστατοι καὶ ἐν ἀλλήλοις θεωρούμενοι, κατὰ τὴν ταυτότητα τῆς οὐσίας, εἰ καὶ εἷς ἐξ ἑνὸς, ἐκ Πατρὸς ὁ Υἱὸς δηλαδή. Ἄλλο. “Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν,” ἔφασκεν ὁ Σωτήρ: ὡς εἰδὼς δηλονότι καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἰδίως ὑφεστηκότα καὶ τὸν Πατέρα: εἰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως ἔχει τοῦ πράγματος ἡ ἀλήθεια, τί μὴ τηρήσας τῇ ἑνάδι τὸ πρέπον ἔφασκεν Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν εἰμι; ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς πληθυντικὸν ἀριθμὸν τὸ σημαινόμενον ἐξαπλοῖ, δῆλος ἂν εἴη λοιπὸν τὴν τῶν ἑτεροδοξούντων ἀνατρέπων ὑπόνοιαν: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν καθ' ἑνὸς τὸ ἐσμὲν ἐπενεχθείη συνετῶς. Ἄλλο. Ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κατασκευῇ φωνὴ φέρεται Θεοῦ “Ποιήσωμεν, λέγοντος, ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ” ἡμετέραν καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν.“ εἴπερ οὖν εἰς ἕν τι τῷ ἀριθμῷ τὸ τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος πλάτος, ἵνα οὕτως εἴπω, συστέλλεται, καὶ δυσσεβοῦντες ἀναιροῦσι τὸ ὑφεστάναι καθ' ἑαυτοὺς Πατέρα καὶ Υἱόν: τίς ὁ πρὸς τίνα λέγων ἐστί ” Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα τὴν ἡμετέραν;“ χρῆν γὰρ δήπου λέγειν, εἴπερ οὕτως ἔχει, καθάπερ ἐκεῖνοι ληροῦντές φασι Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα ἐμὴν καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν. νυνὶ δὲ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ εἰπὼν, πληθυντικῷ δὲ δοὺς ἀριθμῷ τὴν ποίησιν, καὶ τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα τὴν ἡμετέραν ἐπαγαγὼν, ὁ τοῦ βιβλίου συγγραφεὺς, μονονουχὶ λαμπρᾷ καὶ μεγάλῃ βοᾷ τῇ φωνῇ τὴν ὑπὲρ ἑνάδα τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος ἀπαρίθμησιν. Ἄλλο. Εἰ ἀπαύγασμά ἐστι τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ὡς φῶς ἐκ φωτός: πῶς οὐχ ἕτερος πρὸς αὐτὸν, ὡς ἰδιοσύστατος; τὸ γὰρ ὅλως ἀπαυγασθὲν, ὡς ὑφ' ἑτέρου δηλονότι τοῦ ἀπαυγάζοντος καὶ οὐκ αὐτὸ ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ, τοῦτο πείσεται. Ἄλλο. Ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας ὄντα τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς ἐπιδεικνύων ἑαυτὸν ὁ Υἱὸς, φησί που πάλιν ” Ἐγὼ ἐκ τοῦ “Πατρὸς ἐξῆλθον καὶ ἥκω: πάλιν πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν ” Πατέρα.“ πῶς οὖν οὐχ ἕτερος ἔσται παρ' αὐτὸν, ὡς ἐν ὑποστάσει καὶ ἀριθμῷ, παντὸς ἡμᾶς ἀναπείθοντος λόγου, τὸ ἔκ τινος προελθὸν, ἕτερον εἶναι παρ' ἐκεῖνο νοεῖν, ἀφ' οὗ δὴ καὶ προελήλυθεν; οὐκοῦν οὐκ ἀληθὴς τοῖς δι' ἐναντίας ὁ λόγος. Ἄλλο. Εἰς Θεὸν Πατέρα καὶ εἰς Υἱὸν μονογενῆ καὶ εἰς Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα πιστεύοντες δικαιούμεθα. διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Σωτὴρ τοῖς οἰκείοις μαθηταῖς ἐπιτάττει λέγων ” Πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, βαπτίζοντες “αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ” Ἁγίου Πνεύματος.“ εἴπερ οὖν ὅλως οὐδὲν ἡμῖν εἰσοίσει πρὸς νόησιν ἡ τῶν ὀνομάτων διαφορὰ, Πατέρα δέ τις εἰπὼν σημαίνει τὸν Υἱὸν, καὶ Υἱὸν ὀνομάσας αὐτοῦ μνημονεύει τοῦ Πατρὸς, τίς ἦν ἡ χρεία μὴ πρὸς ἑνάδα μᾶλλον, ἀλλ' εἰς τριάδα κελεύειν βαπτίζεσθαι τοὺς πιστεύοντας; ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τὸν τρεῖς ἀριθμὸν ὁ περὶ τῆς θείας φύσεως ἐκτρέχει λόγος, πρόδηλον δήπου πᾶσίν ἐστιν, ὡς ἐν ὑποστάσει μὲν ἰδίᾳ τῶν ἀριθμουμένων ἕκαστον εἶναι: τῷ δὲ μηδαμόθεν ἐξηλλάχθαι κατὰ τὴν φύσιν, εἰς μίαν ἀναβαίνει Θεότητα, καὶ προσκύνησιν ἔχει τὴν αὐτήν. Ἄλλο. Ἐξ ὀργῆς ἐμπεπρῆσθαι Θεοῦ τὰς τῶν Σοδομιτῶν πόλεις ἡ θεία λέγει γραφή: ἐξηγουμένη δὲ ὅπως αὐτοῖς ὁ θεῖος ἐπενήνεκται θυμὸς, καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς ἀπωλείας ἐκδιδάσκουσα σαφῶς, ” Ἔβρεξε, φησὶ, Κύριος “παρὰ Κυρίου ἐπὶ Σόδομα πῦρ καὶ θεῖον:” ἐπεὶ καὶ αὕτη τοῖς ἐκεῖνα πλημμελεῖν εἰωθόσιν ἡ μερὶς τοῦ ποτηρίου πρεπωδεστάτη. ποῖος οὖν ἄρα Κύριος παρὰ ποίου Κυρίου τὸ πῦρ ἐπηφίει, καὶ τὰς τῶν Σοδομιτῶν κατέφλεξε πόλεις; ἀλλ' ἔστι δῆλον, ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ δι' Υἱοῦ πάντα ἐνεργῶν, ἐπεὶ καὶ δύναμις αὐτοῦ καὶ βραχίων ἐστὶν, αὐτὸν Σοδομίταις ὕειν ἐποίει τὸ πῦρ. ὅτε τοίνυν Κύριος παρὰ Κυρίου τὸ πῦρ ἐκείνοις ἐφίησι, πῶς οὐχ ἕτερος, ὅσον εἰς τὸ ἰδίως ὑπάρχειν, παρὰ τὸν Υἱὸν ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ αὖ πάλιν ὁ Υἱὸς παρὰ τὸν Πατέρα; τὸ γὰρ ἓν ὡς ἐξ ἑνὸς ἐν τούτῳ σημαίνεται. Ἄλλο. Προφητικῷ κινούμενος πνεύματι, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ τὰ ἐσόμενα προγινώσκων ὁ μακάριος ψαλμῳδὸς, οὐχ ἑτέρως δύνασθαι διασωθῆναι τὸ γένος ἐνενόει τὸ ἀνθρώπινον, εἰ μὴ διὰ μόνης τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ πάντα ῥᾳδίως, ἐφ' ὅπερ ἂν βούλοιτο, μεταῤῥυθμίζειν ἰσχύοντος. διά τοι τοῦτο πέμπεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς παρεκάλει τὸν Υἱὸν, ἅτε δὴ καὶ μόνον αὐτὸν διασώζειν ἰσχύοντα τοὺς ὑπὸ χεῖρα καὶ πλεονεξίαν γενομένους διαβολικήν: καὶ δὴ καὶ ἔφασκεν, ὡς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν καὶ Πατέρα “Ἐξαπόστειλον τὸ φῶς σου καὶ ” τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου.“ ποῖον οὖν ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ φῶς, ποία δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια, αὐτοῦ λέγοντος ἄκουε τοῦ Υἱοῦ Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς καὶ ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια: εἰ δὲ πέμπεται πρὸς ἡμᾶς τὸ φῶς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Πατρὸς, τουτέστιν ὁ Υἱὸς, πῶς οὐχ ἕτερός ἐστι παρ' αὐτὸν, ὅσον εἰς τὸ ἰδίως ὑπάρχειν, εἰ καὶ ἕν ἐστιν ὡς πρὸς αὐτὸν, ὅσον εἰς τὴν τῆς οὐσίας ταυτότητα; εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτως ἔχειν οἴονταί τινες, ὁ αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ εἷς ἐστι Πατὴρ καὶ Υἱὸς, τί μὴ ἕτερον ἐποιεῖτο τὸν τῆς εὐχῆς τρόπον ὁ πνευματοφόρος βοῶν Ἐλθὲ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὦ φῶς καὶ ἀλήθεια; ἐπειδὴ δὲ τό Ἐξαπόστειλον λέγει, δῆλος ἂν εἴη λοιπὸν, ἕτερον μέν τινα τὸν ἀποστέλλοντα εἰδὼς, ἕτερον δὲ τὸν ἀποστελλόμενον: ὁ δὲ τῆς ἀποστολῆς τρόπος νοείσθω θεοπρεπῶς. Ἄλλο. Δι' Υἱοῦ πεποιῆσθαι τὰ πάντα φασὶν αἱ θεῖαι γραφαὶ ” τὰ ὁρατὰ καὶ τὰ ἀόρατα, τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ “τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς,” καὶ οὕτω πιστεύοντες ἐν ὀρθότητι λογισμῶν, καὶ τῶν τῆς εὐσεβείας δογμάτων εἴσω βεβήκαμεν οἱ τῆς ἀληθείας προσκυνηταί: οὐκοῦν ἐξετάζωμεν τό Δι' Υἱοῦ, καὶ ποίαν ἡμῖν εἰσφέρει τὴν διάνοιαν ἐρευνήσωμεν. ἀλλ' ἔστι δῆλον, ὡς ἕτερον μέν τινα νοεῖν ἀναπείθει τὸν ποιοῦντα καὶ ἐργαζόμενον, ἕτερον δέ τινα τὸν δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐργάζεται. δύο γὰρ προσώπων ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης παράστασιν ἔχει τό Δι' Υἱοῦ. ἢ λεγέτωσαν κατὰ τίνα τρόπον τὸ ἓν ὡς ἐν ἀριθμῷ καὶ τῇ κατ' αὐτὸν ποσότητι ἐν τῷ τι ποιεῖν λέγεσθαι, τό Δι' Υἱοῦ κυρίως τε καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐπιδέξεται, οὐδενὸς ἑτέρου συνεπινοουμένου καὶ συνειστρέχοντος: ἀλλ' οἶμαι παντελῶς ἀπορήσειν τὸν δι' ἐναντίας. ἐπειδὴ δὲ δι' Υἱοῦ τὸν Πατέρα τὰ πάντα εἰργάσθαι, καὶ αὐταὶ κηρύττουσιν αἱ θεῖαι γραφαὶ καὶ ἡμεῖς πιστεύομεν, οἶμαι δὲ ὅτι κἀκεῖνοι: πῶς οὐκ ἀνάγκη νοεῖν Πατέρα μὲν ἰδίως καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ὑφεστάναι, Υἱὸν δὲ πάλιν ὁμοίως, οὐκ ἀνατρέποντος τούτου τὸ ἐν ταυτότητι τῆς οὐσίας τὴν ἁγίαν ὁρᾶσθαι Τριάδα;