Chapter XVII.—The Series of Changes We Can Now Trace in Man Renders a Resurrection Probable.

For this nature of men, which has inequality allotted to it from the first, and according to the purpose of its Maker, has an unequal life and continuance, interrupted sometimes by sleep, at another time by death, and by the changes incident to each period of life, whilst those which follow the first are not clearly seen beforehand. Would any one have believed, unless taught by experience, that in the soft seed alike in all its parts there was deposited such a variety and number of great powers, or of masses, which in this way arise and become consolidated—I mean of bones, and nerves, and cartilages, of muscles too, and flesh, and intestines, and the other parts of the body? For neither in the yet moist seed is anything of this kind to be seen, nor even in infants do any of those things make their appearance which pertain to adults, or in the adult period what belongs to those who are past their prime, or in these what belongs to such as have grown old. But although some of the things I have said exhibit not at all, and others but faintly, the natural sequence and the changes that come upon the nature of men, yet all who are not blinded in their judgment of these matters by vice or sloth, know that there must be first the depositing of the seed, and that when this is completely organized in respect of every member and part and the progeny comes forth to the light, there comes the growth belonging to the first period of life, and the maturity which attends growth, and after the maturity the slackening of the physical powers till old age, and then, when the body is worn out, its dissolution. As, therefore, in this matter, though neither the seed has inscribed upon it the life or form of men, nor the life the dissolution into the primary elements; the succession of natural occurrences makes things credible which have no credibility from the phenomena themselves, much more does reason, tracing out the truth from the natural sequence, afford ground for believing in the resurrection, since it is safer and stronger than experience for establishing the truth.

αὕτη γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἡ φύσις ἄνωθεν καὶ κατὰ γνώμην τοῦ ποιήσαντος συγκεκληρωμένην ἔχουσα τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν, ἀνώμαλον ἔχει τὴν ζωὴν καὶ τὴν διαμονὴν, ποτὲ μὲν ὕπνῳ ποτὲ δὲ θανάτῳ διακοπτομένην καὶ ταῖς καθ' ἑκάστην ἡλικίαν μεταβολαῖς, οὐκ ἐμφαινομένων ἐναργῶς τοῖς πρώτοις τῶν ὕστερον ἐπιγινομένων. ἢ τίς ἂν ἐπίστευσεν μὴ τῇ πείρᾳ δεδιδαγμένος, ἐν ὁμοιομερεῖ καὶ ἀδιαπλάστῳ τῷ σπέρματι τοσούτων καὶ τηλικούτων ἀποκεῖσθαι δυνάμεων ἢ τοσαύτην ἐπισυνισταμένων καὶ πηγνυμένων ὄγκων διαφορὰν, ὀστέων φημὶ καὶ νεύρων καὶ χόνδρων, ἔτι δὲ μυῶν καὶ σαρκῶν καὶ σπλάγχνων καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τοῦ σώματος μερῶν; οὔτε γὰρ ἐν ὑγροῖς ἔτι τοῖς σπέρμασι τούτων ἔστιν ἰδεῖν οὐδὲν οὔτε μὴν τοῖς νηπίοις ἐμφαίνεταί τι τῶν τοῖς τελείοις ἐπιγινομένων ἢ τῇ τῶν τελείων ἡλικίᾳ τὰ τῶν παρηβηκότων ἢ τούτοις τὰ τῶν γεγηρακότων. ἀλλὰ δὴ καίτοι τῶν εἰρημένων τινῶν μὲν οὐδ' ὅλως τινῶν δὲ ἀμυδρῶς ἐμφαινόντων τὴν φυσικὴν ἀκολουθίαν καὶ τὰς τῇ φύσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιγινομένας μεταβολὰς, ὅμως ἴσασιν ὅσοι μὴ τυφλώττουσιν ὑπὸ κακίας ἢ ·ᾳθυμίας περὶ τὴν τούτων κρίσιν, ὅτι δεῖ πρῶτον μὲν γενέσθαι τῶν σπερμάτων καταβολήν, διαρθρωθέντων δὲ τούτων καθ' ἕκαστον μέρος καὶ μόριον καὶ προελθόντων εἰς φῶς τῶν κυηθέντων ἐπιγίνεται μὲν ἡ κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἡλικίαν αὔξησις ἥ τε κατ' αὔξησιν τελείωσις, τελειωθέντων δὲ ὕφεσις τῶν φυσικῶν δυνάμεων μέχρι γήρως, εἶτα πεπονηκότων τῶν σωμάτων ἡ διάλυσις. ὥσπερ οὖν ἐπὶ τούτων, οὔτε τοῦ σπέρματος ἐγγεγραμμένην ἔχοντος τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φυὴν ἢ μορφὴν οὔτε τῆς ζωῆς τὴν εἰς τὰς πρώτας ἀρχὰς διάλυσιν, ὁ τῶν φυσικῶς γινομένων εἱρμὸς παρέχει τὴν πίστιν τοῖς οὐκ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν φαινομένων ἔχουσι τὸ πιστόν, πολὺ μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος ἐκ τῆς φυσικῆς ἀκολουθίας ἀνιχνεύων τὴν ἀλήθειαν πιστοῦται τὴν ἀνάστασιν, ἀσφαλέστερος ὢν καὶ κρείττων τῆς πείρας πρὸς πίστωσιν ἀληθείας.