Chapter XVIII—The Distinction Between Clean and Unclean Animals in the Law Symbolical of the Distinction Between the Church, and Jews, and Heretics.

After showing a little peep-hole to those who love to contemplate the Church from the law of sacrifices respecting clean and unclean animals (inasmuch as thus the common Jews and the heretics are distinguished mystically from the divine Church), let us bring the discourse to a close.

For such of the sacrifices as part the hoof, and ruminate, the Scripture represents as clean and acceptable to God; since the just obtain access to the Father and to the Son by faith. For this is the stability of those who part the hoof, those who study the oracles of God night and day, and ruminate them in the soul’s receptacle for instructions; which gnostic exercise the Law expresses under the figure of the rumination of the clean animal. But such as have neither the one nor the other of those qualities it separates as unclean.

Now those that ruminate, but do not part the hoof, indicate the majority of the Jews, who have indeed the oracles of God, but have not faith, and the step which, resting on the truth, conveys to the Father by the Son. Whence also this kind of cattle are apt to slip, not having a division in the foot, and not resting on the twofold support of faith. For “no man,” it is said, “knoweth the Father, but he to whom the Son shall reveal Him.”1870    Luke x. 22.

And again, those also are likewise unclean that part the hoof, but do not ruminate.1871    [The swine, e.g., has the parted hoof, but does not ruminate; hence he is the hypocrite,—an outward sign with no inward quality to correspond, the foulest of the unclean.] For these point out the heretics, who indeed go upon the name of the Father and the Son, but are incapable of triturating and grinding down the clear declaration of the oracles, and who, besides, perform the works of righteousness coarsely and not with precision, if they perform them at all. To such the Lord says, “Why will ye call me Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say?”1872    Luke vi. 46.

And those that neither part the hoof nor chew the cud are entirely unclean.

“but as chaff which the wind drives away from the face of the earth,”1873    Ps. i. 4. and as a drop from a vessel.”1874    Isa. xl. 15.

These points, then, having been formerly thoroughly treated, and the department of ethics having been sketched summarily in a fragmentary way, as we promised; and having here and there interspersed the dogmas which are the germs1875    [Clement regards dogma as framing practical morals. The comment is found in the history of nations, nominally Christian.] of true knowledge, so that the discovery of the sacred traditions may not be easy to any one of the uninitiated, let us proceed to what we promised.

Now the Miscellanies are not like parts laid out, planted in regular order for the delight of the eye, but rather like an umbrageous and shaggy hill, planted with laurel, and ivy, and apples, and olives, and figs; the planting being purposely a mixture of fruit-bearing and fruitless trees, since the composition aims at concealment, on account of those that have the daring to pilfer and steal the ripe fruits; from which, however, the husbandmen, transplanting shoots and plants, will adorn a beautiful park and a delightful grove.

The Miscellanies, then, study neither arrangement nor diction; since there are even cases in which the Greeks on purpose wish that ornate diction should be absent, and imperceptibly cast in the seed of dogmas, not according to the truth, rendering such as may read laborious and quick at discovery. For many and various are the baits for the various kinds of fishes.

And now, after this seventh Miscellany of ours, we shall give the account of what follows in order from another commencement.1876    [The residue is lost, for the eighth book has little conection with the Gnostic as hitherto developed.]

Ὀπὴν οὖν τινα ὀλίγην ὑποδείξαντες τοῖς φιλοθεάμοσι τῆς ἀληθείας ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ τὰς θυσίας νόμου περί τε Ἰουδαίων τῶν χυδαίων περί τε τῶν αἱρέσεων μυστικῶς διακρινομένων, ὡς ἀκαθάρτων, ἀπὸ τῆς περὶ καθαρῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων ζῴων θείας ἐκκλησίας, καταπαύσωμεν τὸν λόγον. τὰ μὲν γὰρ διχηλοῦντα καὶ μηρυκισμὸν ἀνάγοντα τῶν ἱερείων καθαρὰ καὶ δεκτὰ τῷ θεῷ παραδίδωσιν ἡ γραφή, ὡς ἂν εἰς πατέρα καὶ εἰς υἱὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως τῶν δικαίων τὴν πορείαν ποιουμένων (αὕτη γὰρ ἡ τῶν διχηλούντων ἑδραιότης) τῶν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν μελετώντων καὶ ἀναπεμπαζομένων ἐν τῷ τῆς ψυχῆς τῶν μαθημάτων δοχείῳ, ἣν * καὶ συνάσκησιν γνωστικὴν ὑπάρχουσαν καθαροῦ ζῴου μηρυκισμὸν ὁ νόμος ἀλληγορεῖ. ὅσα δὲ μήτε ἑκάτερον μήτε τὸ ἕτερον τούτων ἔχει, ὡς ἀκάθαρτα ἀφορίζει. αὐτίκα τὰ ἀνάγοντα μηρυκισμόν, μὴ διχηλοῦντα δέ, τοὺς Ἰουδαίους αἰνίσσεται τοὺς πολλούς, οἳ τὰ μὲν λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνὰ στόμα ἔχουσιν, τὴν δὲ πίστιν καὶ τὴν βάσιν δι' υἱοῦ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα παραπέμπουσαν οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐπερειδομένην τῇ ἀληθείᾳ. ὅθεν καὶ ὀλισθηρὸν τὸ γένος τῶν τοιούτων θρεμμάτων, ὡς ἂν μὴ σχιδανοπόδων ὄντων μηδὲ τῇ διπλόῃ τῆς πίστεως ἐπερειδομένων· οὐδεὶς γάρ, φησί, γινώσκει τὸν πατέρα εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς καὶ ᾧ ἂν ὁ υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψῃ. ἔμπαλίν τε αὖ ἀκάθαρτα ὁμοίως κἀκεῖνα, ὅσα διχηλεῖ μέν, μηρυκισμὸν δὲ οὐκ ἀνάγει. ταυτὶ γὰρ τοὺς αἱρετικοὺς ἐνδείκνυται ὀνόματι μὲν πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ ἐπιβεβηκότας, τὴν δὲ τῶν λογίων ἀκριβῆ σαφήνειαν λεπτουργεῖν καὶ καταλεαίνειν ἐξασθενοῦντας, πρὸς δὲ καὶ τὰ ἔργα τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὁλοσχερέστερον, οὐχὶ δὲ ἀκριβέστερον μετερχομένους, εἴ γε καὶ μετέλθοιεν. τοιούτοις τισὶν ὁ κύριος λέγει· τί με λέγετε "κύριε κύριε" καὶ οὐ ποιεῖτε ἃ λέγω; ἀκάθαρτοι δὲ πάμπαν οἱ μὴ διχηλοῦντες μηδὲ ἀνάγοντες μηρυκισμόν. ὑμεῖς δ', ὦ Μεγαρεῖς, φησὶν ὁ Θέογνις, οὔτε τρίτοι οὔτε τέταρτοι οὔτε δυωδέκατοι οὔτ' ἐν λόγῳ οὔτ' ἐν ἀριθμῷ. ἀλλ' ἢ ὡς ὁ χνοῦς, ὃν ἐκρίπτει ὁ ἄνεμος ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς καὶ ὡς σταγὼν ἀπὸ κάδου. Τούτων ἡμῖν προδιηνυσμένων καὶ τοῦ ἠθικοῦ τόπου ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ ὑπογραφέντος, σποράδην, ὡς ὑπεσχήμεθα, καὶ διερριμμένως τὰ ζώπυρα τῶν τῆς ἀληθοῦς γνώσεως ἐγκατασπείραντες δογμάτων, ὡς μὴ ῥᾳδίαν εἶναι τῷ περιτυχόντι τῶν ἀμυήτων τὴν τῶν ἁγίων παραδόσεων εὕρεσιν, μετίωμεν ἐπὶ τὴν ὑπόσχεσιν. ἐοίκασι δέ πως οἱ Στρωματεῖς οὐ παραδείσοις ἐξησκημένοις ἐκείνοις τοῖς ἐν στοίχῳ καταπεφυτευμένοις εἰς ἡδονὴν ὄψεως, ὄρει δὲ μᾶλλον συσκίῳ τινὶ καὶ δασεῖ κυπαρίσσοις καὶ πλατάνοις δάφνῃ τε καὶ κισσῷ, μηλέαις τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἐλαίαις καὶ συκαῖς καταπεφυτευμένῳ, ἐξεπίτηδες ἀναμεμιγμένης τῆς φυτείας καρποφόρων τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀκάρπων δένδρων διὰ τοὺς ὑφαιρεῖσθαι καὶ κλέπτειν τολμῶντας τὰ ὥρια, ἐθελούσης λανθάνειν τῆς γραφῆς. ἐξ ὧν δὴ μεταμοσχεύσας καὶ μεταφυτεύσας ὁ γεωργὸς ὡραῖον κατακοσμήσει παράδεισον καὶ ἄλσος ἐπιτερπές. οὔτ' οὖν τῆς τάξεως οὔτε τῆς φράσεως στοχάζονται οἱ Στρωματεῖς, ὅπου γε ἐπίτηδες καὶ τὴν λέξιν οὐχ Ἕλληνες εἶναι βούλονται καὶ τὴν τῶν δογμάτων ἐγκατασπορὰν λεληθότως καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν πεποίηνται, φιλοπόνους καὶ εὑρετικοὺς εἶναι τοὺς [ἀναγιγνώσκοντας] εἴ τινες τύχοιεν παρασκευάζοντες. πολλὰ γὰρ τὰ δελέατα καὶ ποικίλα διὰ τὰς τῶν ἰχθύων διαφοράς. Καὶ δὴ μετὰ τὸν ἕβδομον τοῦτον ἡμῖν Στρωματέα τῶν ἑξῆς ἀπ' ἄλλης ἀρχῆς ποιησόμεθα τὸν λόγον.