The Refutation of All Heresies.

 Book I.

 The Proœmium.—Motives for Undertaking the Refutation Exposure of the Ancient Mysteries Plan of the Work Completeness of the Refutation Value of th

 Chapter I.—Thales His Physics and Theology Founder of Greek Astronomy.

 Chapter II.—Pythagoras His Cosmogony Rules of His Sect Discoverer of Physiognomy His Philosophy of Numbers His System of the Transmigration of So

 Chapter III.—Empedocles His Twofold Cause Tenet of Transmigration.

 Chapter IV.—Heraclitus His Universal Dogmatism His Theory of Flux Other Systems.

 After these arose also other natural philosophers, whose opinions we have not deemed it necessary to declare, (inasmuch as) they present no diversity

 Chapter V.—Anaximander His Theory of the Infinite His Astronomic Opinions His Physics.

 Chapter VI.—Anaximenes His System of “An Infinite Air ” His Views of Astronomy and Natural Phenomena.

 Chapter VII.—Anaxagoras His Theory of Mind Recognises an Efficient Cause His Cosmogony and Astronomy.

 Chapter VIII.—Archelaus System Akin to that of Anaxagoras His Origin of the Earth and of Animals Other Systems.

 Natural philosophy, then, continued from Thales until Archelaus. Socrates was the hearer of this (latter philosopher). There are, however, also very m

 Chapter IX.—Parmenides His Theory of “Unity ” His Eschatology.

 Chapter X.—Leucippus His Atomic Theory.

 Chapter XI.—Democritus His Duality of Principles His Cosmogony.

 Chapter XII.—Xenophanes His Scepticism His Notions of God and Nature Believes in a Flood.

 Chapter XIII.—Ecphantus His Scepticism Tenet of Infinity.

 Chapter XIV.—Hippo His Duality of Principles His Psychology.

 So far, then, we think we have sufficiently adduced (the opinions of) these wherefore, inasmuch as we have adequately gone in review through the tene

 Chapter XV.—Socrates His Philosophy Reproduced by Plato.

 Chapter XVI.—Plato Threefold Classification of Principles His Idea of God Different Opinions Regarding His Theology and Psychology His Eschatology

 Chapter XVII.—Aristotle Duality of Principles His Categories His Psychology His Ethical Doctrines Origin of the Epithet “Peripatetic.”

 Chapter XVIII.—The Stoics Their Superiority in Logic Fatalists Their Doctrine of Conflagrations.

 Chapter XIX.—Epicurus Adopts the Democritic Atomism Denial of Divine Providence The Principle of His Ethical System.

 Chapter XX.—The Academics Difference of Opinion Among Them.

 Chapter XXI.—The Brachmans Their Mode of Life Ideas of Deity Different Sorts Of Their Ethical Notions.

 Chapter XXII.—The Druids Progenitors of Their System.

 Chapter XXIII.—Hesiod The Nine Muses The Hesiodic Cosmogony The Ancient Speculators, Materialists Derivative Character of the Heresies from Heathe

 Chapter I.—System of the Astrologers Sidereal Influence Configuration of the Stars.

 Chapter II.—Doctrines Concerning Æons The Chaldean Astrology Heresy Derivable from It.

 Chapter III.—The Horoscope the Foundation of Astrology Indiscoverability of the Horoscope Therefore the Futility of the Chaldean Art.

 Chapter IV.—Impossibility of Fixing the Horoscope Failure of an Attempt to Do This at the Period of Birth.

 Chapter V.—Another Method of Fixing the Horoscope at Birth Equally Futile Use of the Clepsydra in Astrology The Predictions of the Chaldeans Not Ve

 Chapter VI.—Zodiacal Influence Origin of Sidereal Names.

 Chapter VII.—Practical Absurdity of the Chaldaic Art Development of the Art.

 Chapter VIII.—Prodigies of the Astrologers System of the Astronomers Chaldean Doctrine of Circles Distances of the Heavenly Bodies.

 Chapter IX.—Further Astronomic Calculations.

 Chapter X.—Theory of Stellar Motion and Distance in Accordance with Harmony.

 Chapter XI.—Theory of the Size of the Heavenly Bodies in Accordance with Numerical Harmonies.

 Chapter XII.—Waste of Mental Energy in the Systems of the Astrologers.

 Chapter XIII.—Mention of the Heretic Colarbasus Alliance Between Heresy and the Pythagorean Philosophy.

 Chapter XIV.—System of the Arithmeticians Predictions Through Calculations Numerical Roots Transference of These Doctrines to Letters Examples in

 Chapter XV.—Quibbles of the Numerical Theorists The Art of the Frontispicists (Physiognomy) Connection of This Art with Astrology Type of Those Bor

 Chapter XVI.—Type of Those Born Under Taurus.

 Chapter XVII.—Type of Those Born Under Gemini.

 Chapter XVIII.—Type of Those Born Under Cancer.

 Chapter XIX.—Type of Those Born Under Leo.

 Chapter XX.—Type of Those Born Under Virgo.

 Chapter XXI.—Type of Those Born Under Libra.

 Chapter XXII.—Type of Those Born Under Scorpio.

 Chapter XXIII.—Type of Those Born Under Sagittarius.

 Chapter XXIV.—Type of Those Born Under Capricorn.

 Chapter XXV.—Type of Those Born Under Aquarius.

 Chapter XXVI.—Type of Those Born Under Pisces.

 Chapter XXVII.—Futility of This Theory of Stellar Influence.

 … And (the sorcerer), taking (a paper), directs the inquirer to write down with water whatever questions he may desire to have asked from the demons.

 Chapter XXIX.—Display of Different Eggs.

 Chapter XXX.—Self-Slaughter of Sheep.

 Chapter XXXI.—Method of Poisoning Goats.

 Chapter XXXII.—Imitations of Thunder, and Other Illusions.

 Chapter XXXIII.—The Burning Æsculapius Tricks with Fire.

 Chapter XXXIV.—The Illusion of the Sealed Letters Object in Detailing These Juggleries.

 Chapter XXXV.—The Divination by a Cauldron Illusion of Fiery Demons Specimen of a Magical Invocation.

 Chapter XXXVI.—Mode of Managing an Apparition.

 Chapter XXXVII.—Illusive Appearance of the Moon.

 Chapter XXXVIII.—Illusive Appearance of the Stars.

 Chapter XXXIX.—Imitation of an Earthquake.

 Chapter XL.—Trick with the Liver.

 Chapter XLI.—Making a Skull Speak.

 Chapter XLII.—The Fraud of the Foregoing Practices Their Connection with Heresy.

 Chapter XLIII.—Recapitulation of Theologies and Cosmogonies System of the Persians Of the Babylonians The Egyptian Notion of Deity Their Theology

 Chapter XLIV.—Egyptian Theory of Nature Their Amulets.

 Chapter XLV.—Use of the Foregoing Discussions.

 Chapter XLVI.—The Astrotheosophists Aratus Imitated by the Heresiarchs His System of the Disposition of the Stars.

 Chapter XLVII.—Opinions of the Heretics Borrowed from Aratus.

 Chapter XLVIII.—Invention of the Lyre Allegorizing the Appearance and Position of the Stars Origin of the Phœnicians The Logos Identified by Aratus

 Chapter XLIX.—Symbol of the Creature And of Spirit And of the Different Orders of Animals.

 Chapter L.—Folly of Astrology.

 Chapter LI.—The Hebdomadarii System of the Arithmeticians Pressed into the Service of Heresy Instances Of, in Simon and Valentinus The Nature of t

 Book V.

 Chapter I.—Recapitulation Characteristics of Heresy Origin of the Name Naasseni The System of the Naasseni.

 Chapter II.—Naasseni Ascribe Their System, Through Mariamne, to James the Lord’s Brother Really Traceable to the Ancient Mysteries Their Psychology

 Chapter III.—Further Exposition of the Heresy of the Naasseni Profess to Follow Homer Acknowledge a Triad of Principles Their Technical Names of th

 Chapter IV.—Further Use Made of the System of the Phrygians Mode of Celebrating the Mysteries The Mystery of the “Great Mother ” These Mysteries Hav

 Chapter V.—Explanation of the System of the Naasseni Taken from One of Their Hymns.

 Chapter VI.—The Ophites the Grand Source of Heresy.

 Chapter VII.—The System of the Peratæ Their Tritheism Explanation of the Incarnation.

 Chapter VIII.—The Peratæ Derive Their System from the Astrologers This Proved by a Statement of the Astrological Theories of the Zodiac Hence the Te

 Chapter IX.—System of the Peratæ Explained Out of One of Their Own Books.

 Chapter X.—The Peratic Heresy Nominally Different from Astrology, But Really the Same System Allegorized.

 Chapter XI.—Why They Call Themselves Peratæ Their Theory of Generation Supported by an Appeal to Antiquity Their Interpretation of the Exodus ofIsra

 Chapter XII.—Compendious Statement of the Doctrines of the Peratæ.

 Chapter XIII.—The Peratic Heresy Not Generally Known.

 Chapter XIV.—The System of the Sethians Their Triad of Infinite Principles Their Heresy Explained Their Interpretation of the Incarnation.

 Chapter XV.—The Sethians Support Their Doctrines by an Allegorical Interpretation of Scripture Their System Really Derived from Natural Philosophers

 Chapter XVI.—The Sethian Theory Concerning “Mixture” And “Composition ” Application of It to Christ Illustration from the Well of Ampa.

 Chapter XVII.—The Sethian Doctrines to Be Learned from the “Paraphrase of Seth.”

 Chapter XVIII.—The System of Justinus Antiscriptural and Essentially Pagan.

 Chapter XIX.—The Justinian Heresy Unfolded in the “Book of Baruch.”

 Chapter XX.—The Cosmogony of Justinus an Allegorical Explanation of Herodotus’ Legend of Hercules.

 Chapter XXI.—Justinus’ Triad of Principles His Angelography Founded on This Triad His Explanation of the Birth, Life, and Death of Our Lord.

 Chapter XXII.—Oath Used by the Justinian Heretics The Book of Baruch The Repertory of Their System.

 Chapter XXIII.—Subsequent Heresies Deducible from the System of Justinus.

 Book VI.

 Whatever opinions, then, were entertained by those who derived the first principles (of their doctrine) from the serpent, and in process of time delib

 Chapter II.—Simon Magus.

 Chapter III.—Story of Apsethus the Libyan.

 Chapter IV.—Simon’s Forced Interpretation of Scripture Plagiarizes from Heraclitus and Aristotle Simon’s System of Sensible and Intelligible Existen

 Chapter V.—Simon Appeals to Scripture in Support of His System.

 Chapter VI.—Simon’s System Expounded in the Work, Great Announcement Follows Empedocles.

 Chapter VII.—Simon’s System of a Threefold Emanation by Pairs.

 Chapter VIII.—Further Progression of This Threefold Emanation Co-Existence with the Double Triad of a Seventh Existence.

 Chapter IX.—Simon’s Interpretation of the Mosaic Hexaëmeron His Allegorical Representation of Paradise.

 Chapter X.—Simon’s Explanation of the First Two Books of Moses.

 Chapter XI.—Simon’s Explanation of the Three Last Books of the Pentateuch.

 Chapter XII.—Fire a Primal Principle, According to Simon.

 Chapter XIII.—His Doctrine of Emanation Further Expanded.

 Chapter XIV.—Simon Interprets His System by the Mythological Representation of Helen of Troy Gives an Account of Himself in Connection with the Troja

 Chapter XV.—Simon’s Disciples Adopt the Mysteries Simon Meets St. Peter at Rome Account of Simon’s Closing Years.

 Chapter XVI.—Heresy of Valentinus Derived from Plato and Pythagoras.

 Chapter XVII.—Origin of the Greek Philosophy.

 Chapter XVIII.—Pythagoras’ System of Numbers.

 Chapter XIX.—Pythagoras’ Duality of Substances His “Categories.”

 Chapter XX.—Pythagoras’ Cosmogony Similar to that of Empedocles.

 Chapter XXI.—Other Opinions of Pythagoras.

 Chapter XXII.—The “Sayings” Of Pythagoras.

 Chapter XXIII.—Pythagoras’ Astronomic System.

 Chapter XXIV.—Valentinus Convicted of Plagiarisms from the Platonic and Pythagoric Philosophy The Valentinian Theory of Emanation by Duads.

 Chapter XXV.—The Tenet of the Duad Made the Foundation of Valentinus’ System of the Emanation of Æons.

 Chapter XXVI.—Valentinus’ Explanation of the Existence of Christ and the Spirit.

 Chapter XXVII.—Valentinus’ Explanation of the Existence of Jesus Power of Jesus Over Humanity.

 Chapter XXVIII.—The Valentinian Origin of the Creation.

 Chapter XXIX.—The Other Valentinian Emanations in Conformity with the Pythagorean System of Numbers.

 Chapter XXX.—Valentinus’ Explanation of the Birth of Jesus Twofold Doctrine on the Nature of Jesus’ Body Opinion of the Italians, that Is, Heracleon

 Chapter XXXI.—Further Doctrines of Valentinus Respecting the Æons Reasons for the Incarnation.

 Chapter XXXII.—Valentinus Convicted of Plagiarisms from Plato.

 Chapter XXXIII.—Secundus’ System of Æons Epiphanes Ptolemæus.

 Chapter XXXIV.—System of Marcus A Mere Impostor His Wicked Devices Upon the Eucharistic Cup.

 Chapter XXXV.—Further Acts of Jugglery on the Part of Marcus.

 Chapter XXXVI.—The Heretical Practices of the Marcites in Regard of Baptism.

 Chapter XXXVII.—Marcus’ System Explained by Irenæus Marcus’ Vision The Vision of Valentinus Revealing to Him His System.

 Chapter XXXVIII.—Marcus’ System of Letters.

 Chapter XXXIX.—The Quaternion Exhibits “Truth.”

 Chapter XL.—The Name of Christ Jesus.

 Chapter XLI.—Marcus’ Mystic Interpretation of the Alphabet.

 Chapter XLII.—His System Applied to Explain Our Lord’s Life and Death.

 Chapter XLIII—Letters, Symbols of the Heavens.

 Chapter XLIV.—Respecting the Generation of the Twenty-Four Letters.

 Chapter XLV.—Why Jesus is Called Alpha.

 Chapter XLVI.—Marcus’ Account of the Birth and Life of Our Lord.

 Chapter XLVII.—The System of Marcus Shown to Be that of Pythagoras, by Quotations from the Writings of Marcus’ Followers.

 Chapter XLVIII.—Their Cosmogony Framed According to These Mystic Doctrines of Letters.

 Chapter XLIX.—The Work of the Demiurge Perishable.

 Chapter L.—Marcus and Colarbasus Refuted by Irenæus.

 Book VII.

 Chapter I.—Heresy Compared to (1) the Stormy Ocean, (2) the Rocks of the Sirens Moral from Ulysses and the Sirens.

 Chapter II.—The System of Basilides Derived from Aristotle.

 Chapter III.—Sketch of Aristotle’s Philosophy.

 Chapter IV.—Aristotle’s General Idea.

 Chapter V.—Nonentity as a Cause.

 Chapter VI.—Substance, According to Aristotle The Predicates.

 Chapter VII.—Aristotle’s Cosmogony His “Psychology ” His “Entelecheia ” His Theology His Ethics Basilides Follows Aristotle.

 Chapter VIII.—Basilides and Isidorus Allege Apostolic Sanction for Their Systems They Really Follow Aristotle.

 Chapter IX.—Basilides Adopts the Aristotelian Doctrine of “Nonentity.”

 Chapter X.—Origin of the World Basilides’ Account of the “Sonship.”

 Chapter XI.—The “Great Archon” Of Basilides.

 Chapter XII.—Basilides Adopts the “Entelecheia” Of Aristotle.

 Chapter XIII.—Further Explanation of the “Sonship.”

 Chapter XIV.—Whence Came the Gospel The Number of Heavens According to Basilides Explanation of Christ’s Miraculous Conception.

 Chapter XV.—God’s Dealings with the Creature Basilides’ Notion of (1) the Inner Man, (2) the Gospel His Interpretation of the Life and Sufferings of

 Chapter XVI.—The System of Saturnilus.

 Chapter XVII.—Marcion His Dualism Derives His System from Empedocles Sketch of the Doctrine of Empedocles.

 Chapter XVIII.—Source of Marcionism Empedocles Reasserted as the Suggester of the Heresy.

 Chapter XIX.—The Heresy of Prepon Follows Empedocles Marcion Rejects the Generation of the Saviour.

 Chapter XX.—The Heresy of Carpocrates Wicked Doctrines Concerning Jesus Christ Practise Magical Arts Adopt a Metempsychosis.

 Chapter XXI.—The System of Cerinthus Concerning Christ.

 Chapter XXII.—Doctrine of the Ebionæans.

 Chapter XXIII.—The Heresy of Theodotus.

 Chapter XXIV.—The Melchisedecians The Nicolaitans.

 Chapter XXV.—The Heresy of Cerdon.

 Chapter XXVI.—The Doctrines of Apelles Philumene, His Prophetess.

 Contents.

 Chapter I.—Heresies Hitherto Refuted Opinions of the Docetæ.

 Chapter II.—Docetic Notion of the Incarnation Their Doctrines of Æons Their Account of Creation Their Notion of a Fiery God.

 Chapter III.—Christ Undoes the Work of the Demiurge Docetic Account of the Baptism and Death of Jesus Why He Lived for Thirty Years on Earth.

 Chapter IV.—Docetic Doctrine Derived from the Greek Sophists.

 Chapter V.—Monoïmus Man the Universe, According to Monoïmus His System of the Monad.

 Chapter VI.—Monoïmus’ “Iota ” His Notion of the “Son of Man.”

 Chapter VII.—Monoïmus on the Sabbath Allegorizes the Rod of Moses Notion Concerning the Decalogue.

 Chapter VIII.—Monoïmus Explains His Opinions in a Letter to Theophrastus Where to Find God His System Derived from Pythagoras.

 Chapter IX.—Tatian.

 Chapter X.—Hermogenes Adopts the Socratic Philosophy His Notion Concerning the Birth and Body of Our Lord.

 Chapter XI.—The Quartodecimans.

 Chapter XII.—The Montanists Priscilla and Maximilla Their Prophetesses Some of Them Noetians.

 Others, however, styling themselves Encratites, acknowledge some things concerning God and Christ in like manner with the Church. In respect, however,

 Book IX.

 A lengthened conflict, then, having been maintained concerning all heresies by us who, at all events, have not left any unrefuted, the greatest strugg

 Chapter II.—Source of the Heresy of Noetus Cleomenes His Disciple Its Appearance at Rome During the Episcopates of Zephyrinus and Callistus Noetian

 Chapter III.—Noetianism an Offshoot from the Heraclitic Philosophy.

 Chapter IV.—An Account of the System of Heraclitus.

 Chapter V.—Heraclitus’ Estimate of Hesiod Paradoxes of Heraclitus His Eschatology The Heresy of Noetus of Heraclitean Origin Noetus’ View of the B

 Chapter VI.—Conduct of Callistus and Zephyrinus in the Matter of Noetianism Avowed Opinion of Zephyrinus Concerning Jesus Christ Disapproval of Hipp

 Chapter VII.—The Personal History of Callistus His Occupation as a Banker Fraud on Carpophorus Callistus Absconds Attempted Suicide Condemned to

 Chapter VIII.—Sect of the Elchasaites Hippolytus’ Opposition to It.

 Chapter IX.—Elchasai Derived His System from Pythagoras Practised Incantations.

 Chapter X.—Elchasai’s Mode of Administering Baptism Formularies.

 Chapter XI.—Precepts of Elchasai.

 Chapter XII.—The Heresy of the Elchasaites a Derivative One.

 Chapter XIII.—The Jewish Sects.

 Chapter XIV.—The Tenets of the Esseni.

 Chapter XV.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XVI.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XVII.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XVIII.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XIX.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XX.—The Tenets of the Esseni Concluded.

 Chapter XXI.—Different Sects of the Esseni.

 Chapter XXII.—Belief of the Esseni in the Resurrection Their System a Suggestive One.

 Chapter XXIII.—Another Sect of the Esseni: the Pharisees.

 Chapter XXIV.—The Sadducees.

 Chapter XXV.—The Jewish Religion.

 Chapter XXVI.—Conclusion to the Work Explained.

 Book X.

 Chapter I.—Recapitulation.

 Chapter II.—Summary of the Opinions of Philosophers.

 Chapter III.—Summary of the Opinions of Philosophers Continued.

 Chapter IV.—Summary of the Opinions of Philosophers Continued.

 Chapter V.—The Naasseni.

 Chapter VI.—The Peratæ.

 Chapter VII.—The Sethians.

 Chapter VIII.—Simon Magus.

 Chapter IX.—Valentinus.

 Chapter X.—Basilides.

 Chapter XI.—Justinus.

 Chapter XII.—The Docetæ.

 Chapter XIII.—Monoïmus.

 Chapter XIV.—Tatian.

 Chapter XV.—Marcion and Cerdo.

 Chapter XVI.—Apelles.

 Chapter XVII.—Cerinthus.

 Chapter XVIII.—The Ebionæans.

 But Theodotus of Byzantium introduced a heresy of the following description, alleging that all things were created by the true God whereas that Chris

 Chapter XX.—Melchisedecians.

 Chapter XXI.—The Phrygians or Montanists.

 Chapter XXII.—The Phrygians or Montanists Continued.

 Chapter XXIII.—Noetus and Callistus.

 Chapter XXIV.—Hermogenes.

 Chapter XXV.—The Elchasaites.

 Chapter XXVI.—Jewish Chronology.

 Chapter XXVII.—Jewish Chronology Continued.

 Chapter XXVIII.—The Doctrine of the Truth.

 Chapter XXIX.—The Doctrine of the Truth Continued.

 Chapter XXX.—The Author’s Concluding Address.

Chapter XIV.—The System of the Sethians; Their Triad of Infinite Principles; Their Heresy Explained; Their Interpretation of the Incarnation.

Let us then see what the Sithians492    This is the form in which the name occurs in Hippolytus, but the correct one is Sethians. As regards this sect, see Irenæus, Contr. Hæres., i. 30; Tertullian, Præscript., c. lxvii.; Theodoret, Hæret. Fabul., i. 14; Epiphanius, Advers. Hæres., c. xxviii., xxxvii., and xxxix.; Augustine, De Hæret., c. xix.; Josephus, Antiq. Judaic., i. 2; Suidas on the word “Seth.” affirm. To these it appears that there are three definite principles of the universe, and that each of these principles possesses infinite powers. And when they speak of powers493    For δυνάμεις …λογιζέσθω, Bernays reads δυνάται…λογίζεσθαι:  “While these make (such) assertions, he is able to calculate,” etc. let him that heareth take into account that they make this statement. Everything whatsoever you discern by an act of intelligence, or also omit (to discern) as not being understood, this by nature is fitted to become each of the principles, as in the human soul every art whatsoever which is made the subject of instruction. Just for instance, he says, this child will be a musician, having waited the requisite time for (acquiring a knowledge of) the harp; or a geometrician, (having previously undergone the necessary study for acquiring a knowledge) of geometry; (or) a grammarian, (after having sufficiently studied) grammar; (or) a workman, (having acquired a practical acquaintance) with a handicraftsman’s business; and to one brought into contact with the rest of the arts a similar occurrence will take place. Now of principles, he says, the substances are light and darkness; and of these, spirit is intermediate without admixture. The spirit, however, is that which has its appointed place in the midst of darkness which is below, and light which is above. It is not spirit as a current of wind, or some gentle breeze that can be felt; but, as it were, some odour of ointment or of incense formed out of a compound. (It is) a subtle power, that insinuates itself by means of some impulsive quality in a fragrance, which is inconceivable and better than could be expressed by words. Since, however, light is above and darkness below, and spirit is intermediate in such a way as stated between these; and since light is so constituted, that, like a ray of the sun, it shines from above upon the underlying darkness; and again, since the fragrance of the spirit, holding an intermediate place, is extended and carried in every direction, as in the case of incense-offerings placed upon fire, we detect the fragrance that is being wafted in every direction: when, I say, there is a power of this description belonging unto the principles which are classified under three divisions, the power of spirit and light simultaneously exists in the darkness that is situated underneath them. But the darkness is a terrible water, into which light is absorbed and translated into a nature of the same description with spirit. The darkness, however, is not devoid of intelligence, but altogether reflective, and is conscious that, where the light has been abstracted from the darkness, the darkness remains isolated, invisible, obscure, impotent, inoperative, (and) feeble. Wherefore it is constrained, by all its reflection and understanding, to collect into itself the lustre and scintillation of light with the fragrance of the spirit. And it is possible to behold an image of the nature of these in the human countenance; for instance, the pupil of the eye, dark from the subjacent humours, (but) illuminated with spirit.  As, then, the darkness seeks after the splendour, that it may keep in bondage the spark, and may have perceptive power, so the light and spirit seek after the power that belongs to themselves, and strive to uprear, and towards each other to carry up their intermingled powers into the dark and formidable water lying underneath.

But all the powers of the three originating principles, which are as regards number indefinitely infinite, are each according to its own substance reflective and intelligent, unnumbered in multitude. And since what are reflective and intelligent are numberless in multitude, while they continue by themselves, they are all at rest. If, however, power approaches power, the dissimilarity of (what is set in) juxtaposition produces a certain motion and energy, which are formed from the motion resulting from the concourse effected by the juxtaposition of the coalescing powers.  For the concourse of the powers ensues, just like any mark of a seal494    Or, “form of a seal.” that is impressed by means of the concourse correspondingly with (the seal) which prints the figure on the substances that are brought up (into contact with it). Since, therefore, the powers of the three principles are infinite in number, and from infinite powers (arise) infinite concourses, images of infinite seals are necessarily produced.  These images, therefore, are the forms of the different sorts of animals. From the first great concourse, then, of the three principles, ensues a certain great form, a seal of heaven and earth. The heaven and the earth have a figure similar to the womb, having a navel in the midst; and if, he says, any one is desirous of bringing this figure under the organ of vision, let him artfully scrutinize the pregnant womb of whatsoever animal he wishes, and he will discover an image of the heaven and the earth, and of the things which in the midst of all are unalterably situated underneath.

(And so it is, that the first great concourse of the three principles) has produced such a figure of heaven and earth as is similar to a womb after the first coition. But, again, in the midst of the heaven and the earth have been generated infinite concourses of powers. And each concourse did not effect and fashion anything else than a seal of heaven and earth similar to a womb. But, again, in the earth, from the infinite seals are produced infinite crowds of various animals. But into all this infinity of the different animals under heaven is diffused and distributed, along with the light, the fragrance of the Spirit from above. From the water, therefore, has been produced a first-begotten originating principle, viz., wind, (which is) violent and boisterous, and a cause of all generation. For producing a sort of ferment in the waters, (the wind) uplifts waves out of the waters; and the motion495    Or, “production.” of the waves, just as when some impulsive power of pregnancy is the origin of the production of a man or mind,496    This is Cruice’s mode of supplying the hiatus. Miller has “man or ox.” is caused when (the ocean), excited by the impulsive power of spirit, is propelled forward. When, however, this wave that has been raised out of the water by the wind, and rendered pregnant in its nature, has within itself obtained the power, possessed by the female, of generation, it holds together the light scattered from above along with the fragrance of the spirit—that is, mind moulded in the different species. And this (light) is a perfect God, who from the unbegotten radiance above, and from the spirit, is borne down into human nature as into a temple, by the impulsive power of Nature, and by the motion of wind. And it is produced from water being commingled497    Or, “concealed.” and blended with bodies as if it were a salt498    ἅλας τῶν γενομένων:  Miller reads ἀλάλων of existent things, and a light of darkness. And it struggles to be released from bodies, and is not able to find liberation and an egress for itself. For a very diminutive spark, a severed splinter from above like the ray of a star, has been mingled in the much compounded waters of many (existences),499    The hiatus, as filled up by Miller, is adopted above. The Abbe Cruice suggests the following emendation: “For there has been intermingled a certain very diminutive spark from the light (subsisting) along with the supernal fragrance, from the spirit producing, like a ray, composition in things dissolved, and dissolution in things compounded.” as, says he, (David) remarks in a psalm.500    Ps. xxix. 3. Every thought, then, and solicitude actuating the supernal light is as to how and in what manner mind may be liberated, by the death of the depraved and dark body, from the Father that is below, which is the wind that with noise501    βρόμῳ: some read βρασμῷ, i.e., agitation, literally a boiling up. and tumult uplifted the waves, and who generated a perfect mind his own Son; not, however, being his peculiar (offspring) substantially. For he was a ray (sent down) from above, from that perfect light, (and) was overpowered in the dark,502    σκοτεινῷ:  some read σκολῷ (which is of similar import), crooked, i.e., involved, obscure. and formidable, and bitter, and defiled water; and he is a luminous spirit borne down over the water.503    Or, “the light.” When, therefore, the waves that have been upreared from the waters have received within themselves the power of generation possessed by females, they contain, as a certain womb, in different species, the infused radiance, so as that it is visible in the case of all animals.504    A hiatus occurs here. The deficiency is supplied by Cruice from previous statements of Hippolytus, and is adopted above. But the wind, at the same time fierce and formidable,505    Or, “strong.” whirling along, is, in respect of its hissing sound, like a serpent.506    This passage is obscure. The translation above follows Schneidewin and Cruice. Miller’s text would seem capable of this meaning: “The wind, simultaneously fierce and formidable, is whirled along like a trailing serpent supplied with wings.” His text is, τῷ σύρματι ὄφει παραπλήσιος πτέρωτος, but suggests πτερωτῷ· ὡς ἀπὸ

First, then, from the wind—that is, from the serpent—has resulted the originating principle of generation in the manner declared, all things having simultaneously received the principle of generation. After, then, the light and the spirit had been received, he says, into the polluted and baneful (and) disordered womb, the serpent—the wind of the darkness, the first-begotten of the waters—enters within and produces man, and the impure womb neither loves nor recognises any other form. The perfect Word of supernal light being therefore assimilated (in form) to the beast, (that is,) the serpent, entered into the defiled womb, having deceived (the womb) through the similitude of the beast itself, in order that (the Word) may loose the chains that encircle the perfect mind which has been begotten amidst impurity of womb by the primal offspring of water, (namely,) serpent, wind, (and) beast.507    Schneidewin has a full stop after “wind,” and begins the next sentence with θηρίου (beast). This, he says, is the form of the servant,508    Phil. ii. 7. and this the necessity of the Word of God coming down into the womb of a virgin. But he says it is not sufficient that the Perfect Man, the Word, has entered into the womb of a virgin, and loosed the pangs509    Acts ii. 24. which were in that darkness. Nay, more than this was requisite; for after his entrance510    Miller would read μετὰ τὰ…ἐξελθὼν, “after the foul mysteries of the womb he went forth,” etc. into the foul mysteries of the womb, he was washed, and drank of the cup of life-giving bubbling water.511    John iv. 7–14. For πιεῖν some read ποιεῖν, “a course which he must pursue who,” etc. And it was altogether needful that he should drink who was about to strip off the servile form, and assume celestial raiment.

[19] Ἴδωμεν οὖν τί λέγουσιν οἱ Σηθιανοί. τούτοις δοκεῖ τῶν ὅλων εἶναι τρεῖς ἀρχὰς περιωρισμένας, ἑκάστην δὲ τῶν ἀρχῶν ἀπείρους ἔχειν δυνάμεις. δυνάμεις δὲ αὐτῶν [λεγόντων] λογιζέσθω ὁ ἀκούων τοῦτο αὐτοὺς λέγειν: πᾶν ὅ τι νοήσει ἐπινοεῖς ἢ καὶ παραλείπεις μὴ νοηθέν, τοῦτο ἑκάστη τῶν ἀρχῶν πέφυκε γενέσθαι, ὡς ἐν ἀνθρωπί[νῃ] ψυχῇ πᾶσα ἡτισοῦν διδασκομένη τέχνη: οἷον εἰ, φησί, γενή[σε]ται [τοῦτο] τὸ παιδίον αὐλητὴς ἐγχρονίσαν αὐλητῇ, ἢ γεωμέτρης γεωμέτρῃ, γραμματικὸς γραμματικῷ, τέκτων τέκτονι, καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἁπάσαις τέχναις ἐγγὺς γινομένῳ ὁμοίως συμβήσεται. αἱ δὲ τῶν ἀρχῶν, φησίν, οὐσίαι [εἰσὶ] φῶς καὶ σκότος: τούτων δέ ἐστιν ἐν μέσῳ πνεῦμα ἀκέραιον. τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα, τὸ τεταγμένον ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ σκότους, ὅπερ ἐστὶ κάτω, καὶ τοῦ φωτός, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἄνω, οὐκ ἔστι πνεῦμα ὡς ἄνεμος ἢ ῥιπὴ ἢ λεπτή τις αὔρα νοηθῆναι δυναμένη, ἀλλ' οἱονεὶ μύρου τις ὀσμὴ ἢ θυμιάματος ἐκ συνθέσεως κατεσκευ(α)σμένου, λεπτὴ διοδεύουσα δύναμις ἀνεπινοήτῳ τινὶ καὶ κρείττονι ἢ λόγῳ ἔστιν ἐξειπεῖν [φορᾷ] εὐωδία[ς]. ἐπειδὴ [δὲ] ἄνω ἐστὶ τὸ φῶς καὶ κάτω [τὸ] σκότος καὶ τούτων, ὡς ἔφην, τοιουτότροπον ὂν μέσον τὸ πνεῦμα, τὸ δὴ φῶς πέφυκε καθάπερ ἀκτὶς ἡλίου ἄνωθεν ἐλλάμπειν εἰς τὸ ὑποκείμενον σκότος: ἀνάπαλιν δὲ ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος εὐωδία, μέση[ν] ἔχουσα τάξιν, ἐκτείνεται καὶ φέρεται πανταχῇ_ὥσ[περ] [ἐπὶ] τῶν ἐν πυρὶ θυμιαμάτων τὴν εὐωδίαν πανταχῇ φερομένην ἐπεγνώκαμεν. _τοιαύτης δὲ οὔσης τῆς δυνάμεως τῶν [δι]ῃρημένων τριχῶς, τοῦ πνεύματος καὶ τοῦ φωτὸς ὁμοῦ ἡ δύναμίς ἐστιν ἐν τῷ σκότει τῷ κάτωθεν αὐτῶν τεταγμένῳ. Τὸ δὲ σκότος ὕδωρ ἐστί, [φησί,] φοβερόν, εἰς ὃ κατέσπασται καὶ μετενήνεκται εἰς τὴν τοιαύτην φύσιν μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τὸ φῶς. τὸ δὲ σκότος ἀσύνετον οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀλλὰ φρόνιμον παντελῶς, καὶ οἶδεν ὅτι, ἂν ἀπαρθῇ τὸ φῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ σκότους, μενεῖ τὸ σκότος ἔρημον, ἀφανές, ἀλαμπές, ἀδύναμον, ἄπρακτον, ἀσθενές. διὸ [δὴ] πάσῃ φρονήσει καὶ συνέσει βιάζεται κατέχειν εἰς ἑαυτὸ τὴν λαμπηδόνα καὶ [τὸν] σπινθῆρα τοῦ φωτὸς μετὰ τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος εὐωδίας. καὶ τούτων ἔστιν, [φησίν,] ἰδεῖν τῆς φύσεως εἰκόνα κατὰ πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπου, κόρην ὀφθαλμοῦ, σκοτεινὴν [μὲν φαινομένην] ἐκ τῶν ὑποκειμένων ὑδάτων, πεφωτισμένην [δὲ τῷ] πνεύματι. ὡς οὖν ἀντιποιεῖται τὸ σκότος τῆς λαμπηδόνος, ἵνα ἔχῃ τὸν σπινθῆρα δουλεύοντα καὶ βλέπῃ, οὕτως ἀντιποιεῖται τὸ φῶς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς δυνάμεως τῆς ἑαυτῶν, καὶ σπεύδουσιν ἆραι καὶ ἀνακομίσασθαι πρὸς ἑαυτὰ τὰς μεμιγμένας αὑτῶν δυνάμεις εἰς τὸ ὑποκείμενον ὕδωρ σκοτεινὸν καὶ φοβερόν. Πᾶσαι δὲ αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν τριῶν ἀρχῶν, οὖσαι κατ' ἀριθμὸν ἀπειράκις ἄπειροι, εἰσὶν ἑκάστη κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν τὴν ἑαυτῆς φρόνιμοι [καὶ] νοεραί. ἀναρίθμητοι [δὲ] τὸ πλῆθος φρόνιμοί τε οὖσαι καὶ νοεραί, ἐπειδὰν [μὲν] μένωσι καθ' αὑτάς, ἡσυχάζουσι πᾶσαι, ἐὰν δὲ πλησιάσῃ δύναμις δυνάμει, ἡ ἀνομοιότης τῆς παραθέσεως ἐργάζεται κίνησίν τινα καὶ ἐνέργειαν ἀπὸ τῆς κινήσεως, μεμορφωμένην κατὰ τὴν συνδρομὴν [τῆς παραθέσεως] τῶν συνελθουσῶν δυνάμεων. γίνεται γὰρ τῶν δυνάμεων ἡ συνδρομὴ οἱονεί τις τύπος ἀπὸ πληγῆς σφραγῖδος [κατὰ συνδρομήν], παραπλησίως [πρὸς] τῷ [εἰς κηρὸν] ἐκτυποῦντι τὰς ἀναφερομένας οὐσίας. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἄπειροι μὲν κατ' ἀριθμὸν τῶν τριῶν ἀρχῶν αἱ δυνάμεις [εἰσίν], ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἀπείρων δυνάμεων ἄπειροι συνδρομαί, ἀναγκαίως γεγόνασιν ἀπείρων σφραγίδων εἰκόνες. αὗται οὖν εἰσιν αἱ εἰκόνες αἱ τῶν διαφόρων ζῴων ἰδέαι. γέγονεν οὖν ἐκ [τῆς] πρώτης τῶν τριῶν ἀρχῶν συνδρομῆς μεγάλης [μεγάλη τις] ἰδέα σφραγῖδος, οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ. σχῆμα δὲ ἔχουσιν ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ μήτρᾳ παραπλήσιον, τὸν ὀμφαλὸν ἐχούσῃ μέσον. καὶ εἰ, φησίν, ὑπὸ ὄψιν ἀγαγεῖν θέλει τις τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτο, ἔγκυον μήτραν ὁποίου βούλεται ζῴου τεχνικῶς ἐρευνησάτω, καὶ εὑρήσει τὸ ἐκτύπωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν μέσῳ πάντων ἀπαραλ[λ]άκτως ὑποκείμενον. γέγονε δὴ οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς τὸ (σ)χῆμα τοιοῦτον οἱονεὶ μήτρᾳ παραπλήσιον κατὰ τὴν πρώτην συνδρομήν: ἐν [δ'] αὖ τῷ μέσῳ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆ[ς] γῆ[ς] γεγόνασιν ἄπειροι δυνάμεων συνδρομαί. καὶ ἑκάστη συνδρομὴ οὐκ ἄλλο τι εἰργάσατο καὶ ἐξετύπωσεν ἢ σφραγῖδα οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆ[ς] παραπλήσιον μήτρᾳ. ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ [τῇ γῇ] ἀνέφυσαν ἐκ τῶν ἀπείρων σφραγίδων διαφόρων ζῴων ἄπειρα πλήθη. εἰς δὲ ταύτην πᾶσαν τὴν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν [ἐν] τῶν διαφόρων ζῴων ἀπειρίαν κατέσπαρται καὶ καταμεμέρισται μετὰ τοῦ φωτὸς ἡ τοῦ πνεύματος ἄνωθεν εὐωδία. Γέγονεν οὖν ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος πρωτόγονος ἀρχή, ἄνεμος σφοδρὸς καὶ λάβρος καὶ πάσης γενέσεως αἴτιος. βρασμὸν γάρ τινα ἐμποιῶν τοῖς ὕδασιν ἀπὸ τῶν ὑδάτων διεγείρει κύματα: ἡ δὲ τῶν κυμάτων κίνησις, οἱονεί τις οὖσα ὁρμή, [ἀρχὴ τῇ φύσει ἐστὶ τοῦ] ἐγκύμονα γεγονέναι τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἢ τοῦ νοῦ, ὁπόταν ὑπὸ τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ὁρμῆς ὀργήσασα [πρὸς γένεσιν] ἐπείγηται. ἐπὰν δὲ τοῦτο τὸ κῦμα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀνέμου ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐγερθὲν καὶ ἐγκύμονα ἐργασάμενον τὴν φύσιν γέννημα θηλείας εἰλήφῃ [ἐν] ἑαυτῷ, κατέχει τὸ κατεσπαρμένον φῶς ἄνωθεν μετὰ τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος εὐωδίας, τουτέστι νοῦν μεμορφωμένον ἐν τοῖς διαφόροις εἴδεσιν, ὅ[ς] ἐστι τέλειος θεός. [ὃς] ἐξ ἀγεννήτου φωτὸς ἄνωθεν καὶ πνεύματος κατενηνεγμένος εἰς ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν ὥσπερ εἰς ναόν, φορᾷ φύσεως καὶ ἀνέμου κινήματι γεννηθεὶς ἐξ ὕδατος, συγκεκραμένος καὶ καταμεμιγμένος τοῖς σώμασιν_οἱονεὶ ἅλα[ς] τῶν γενομένων ὑπάρχων καὶ φῶς τοῦ σκότους_, ἀπὸ τῶν σωμάτων σπεύδει λυθῆναι, καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος τὴν λύσιν εὑρεῖν καὶ τὴν διέξοδον ἑαυτῷ_ καταμέμικται γάρ, σπινθήρ τις ἐλάχιστος [ὤν], ἀπ[οκριθὲν ἀπόσπας]μα ἄνωθεν ἀ[πὸ τοῦ φωτός, ἀκτῖ]νος δίκην ἐν το[ῖς πο]λυσυγκρίτοις [τοῦ σώματος]_, [«ἐβόα ἐξ ὑδάτων] πολλῶν», ὡς, φησίν, ἐν τῷ ψαλμῷ λέγεται. πᾶσα οὖν [ἡ] φροντὶς καὶ ἐπιμέλεια τοῦ φωτὸς [τοῦ] ἄνω ἐστί, πῶς καὶ τίνα τρόπον ἀπ(ὸ) τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ πονηροῦ καὶ σκοτεινοῦ σώματος ἀπολυθείη ὁ νοῦς, [τουτέστιν] ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ κάτω, ὅ[ς] ἐστιν ὁ ἄνεμος [ἐν] βρ[α]σμῷ καὶ ταράχῳ ἐπεγείρας κύματα καὶ γεννήσας νοῦν τέλειον υἱὸν ἑαυτῷ, οὐκ ὄντα ἴδιον αὐτοῦ κατ' οὐσίαν. ἄνωθεν γὰρ ἦν ἀκτὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ τελείου φωτὸς ἐκείνου, ἐν τῷ σκοτει[ν]ῷ καὶ φοβερῷ καὶ πικρῷ καὶ μιαρῷ ὕδατι κεκρατημένος, ὅ[σ]περ ἐστὶ «πνεῦμα» φωτεινὸν «ἐπιφερόμενον ἐπάνω τοῦ ὕδατος». ἐπεὶ οὖν *ημάτων κύματα * διαφόροις γ*εσι μήτρα τις * κατεσπαρμέν* ὡς ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ζῴων θεωρεῖται. ὁ δὲ ἄνεμος, λάβρος ὁμοῦ καὶ [σ]φοδρὸς φερόμενος, ἐστὶ [τῷ] σύρματι ὄφεως παραπλήσιος, πτερωτός, [καὶ] ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνέμου_τουτέστιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄφεως_ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς γεννήσεως τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον γέγονε, πάντων ὁμοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς γεννήσεως [ἀπ' αὐτοῦ] εἰληφότων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν κατείληπται τὸ φῶς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα εἰς τὴν ἀκάθαρτον, φησί, καὶ πολυπήμονα μήτραν ἄτακτον, εἰς ἣν ὁ ὄφις εἰσερχόμενος, ὁ ἄνεμος τοῦ σκότους, ὁ πρωτόγονος τῶν ὑδάτων, γεννᾷ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ἄλλο οὐδὲν εἶδος οὔτε ἀγαπᾷ οὔτε γνωρίζει ἡ ἀκάθαρτος μήτρα, ὁμοιωθεὶς οὖν ὁ ἄνωθεν τοῦ φωτὸς τέλειος λόγος τῷ θηρίῳ, τῷ ὄφει, εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν ἀκάθαρτον μήτραν, ἐξαπατήσας αὐτὴν τοῦ θηρίου τῷ ὁμοιώματι, ἵνα λύσῃ τὰ δεσμὰ τὰ περικείμενα τῷ τελείῳ νοΐ, τῷ γεννωμένῳ ἐν ἀκαθαρσίᾳ μήτρας ὑπὸ τοῦ πρωτοτόκου [τοῦ] ὕδατος ὄφεως, ἀνέμου, θηρίου. αὕτη, φησίν, ἐστὶν «ἡ τοῦ δούλου μορφή», καὶ αὕτη ἡ ἀνάγκη τοῦ κατελθεῖν τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς μήτραν παρθένου. ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι, φησίν, ἀρκετὸν τὸ εἰσεληλυθέναι τὸν τέλειον ἄνθρωπον, [τὸν] λόγον, εἰς μήτραν παρθένου καὶ «λῦσαι τὰς ὠδῖνας» τὰς ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ σκότει: ἀλλὰ γὰρ μετὰ τὸ [εἰς τὰ] ἐν μήτρᾳ μυστήρια μυσερὰ εἰσελθεῖν ἀπελούσατο καὶ ἔπιε τὸ ποτήριον «ζῶντος ὕδατος» «ἁλλομένου», ὃ δεῖ πάντα πιεῖν τὸν μέλλοντα ἀποδιδύσκεσθαι τὴν δουλικὴν μορφὴν καὶ ἐπενδύσασθαι ἔνδυμα οὐράνιον.