The Refutation of All Heresies.

 Book I.

 The Proœmium.—Motives for Undertaking the Refutation Exposure of the Ancient Mysteries Plan of the Work Completeness of the Refutation Value of th

 Chapter I.—Thales His Physics and Theology Founder of Greek Astronomy.

 Chapter II.—Pythagoras His Cosmogony Rules of His Sect Discoverer of Physiognomy His Philosophy of Numbers His System of the Transmigration of So

 Chapter III.—Empedocles His Twofold Cause Tenet of Transmigration.

 Chapter IV.—Heraclitus His Universal Dogmatism His Theory of Flux Other Systems.

 After these arose also other natural philosophers, whose opinions we have not deemed it necessary to declare, (inasmuch as) they present no diversity

 Chapter V.—Anaximander His Theory of the Infinite His Astronomic Opinions His Physics.

 Chapter VI.—Anaximenes His System of “An Infinite Air ” His Views of Astronomy and Natural Phenomena.

 Chapter VII.—Anaxagoras His Theory of Mind Recognises an Efficient Cause His Cosmogony and Astronomy.

 Chapter VIII.—Archelaus System Akin to that of Anaxagoras His Origin of the Earth and of Animals Other Systems.

 Natural philosophy, then, continued from Thales until Archelaus. Socrates was the hearer of this (latter philosopher). There are, however, also very m

 Chapter IX.—Parmenides His Theory of “Unity ” His Eschatology.

 Chapter X.—Leucippus His Atomic Theory.

 Chapter XI.—Democritus His Duality of Principles His Cosmogony.

 Chapter XII.—Xenophanes His Scepticism His Notions of God and Nature Believes in a Flood.

 Chapter XIII.—Ecphantus His Scepticism Tenet of Infinity.

 Chapter XIV.—Hippo His Duality of Principles His Psychology.

 So far, then, we think we have sufficiently adduced (the opinions of) these wherefore, inasmuch as we have adequately gone in review through the tene

 Chapter XV.—Socrates His Philosophy Reproduced by Plato.

 Chapter XVI.—Plato Threefold Classification of Principles His Idea of God Different Opinions Regarding His Theology and Psychology His Eschatology

 Chapter XVII.—Aristotle Duality of Principles His Categories His Psychology His Ethical Doctrines Origin of the Epithet “Peripatetic.”

 Chapter XVIII.—The Stoics Their Superiority in Logic Fatalists Their Doctrine of Conflagrations.

 Chapter XIX.—Epicurus Adopts the Democritic Atomism Denial of Divine Providence The Principle of His Ethical System.

 Chapter XX.—The Academics Difference of Opinion Among Them.

 Chapter XXI.—The Brachmans Their Mode of Life Ideas of Deity Different Sorts Of Their Ethical Notions.

 Chapter XXII.—The Druids Progenitors of Their System.

 Chapter XXIII.—Hesiod The Nine Muses The Hesiodic Cosmogony The Ancient Speculators, Materialists Derivative Character of the Heresies from Heathe

 Chapter I.—System of the Astrologers Sidereal Influence Configuration of the Stars.

 Chapter II.—Doctrines Concerning Æons The Chaldean Astrology Heresy Derivable from It.

 Chapter III.—The Horoscope the Foundation of Astrology Indiscoverability of the Horoscope Therefore the Futility of the Chaldean Art.

 Chapter IV.—Impossibility of Fixing the Horoscope Failure of an Attempt to Do This at the Period of Birth.

 Chapter V.—Another Method of Fixing the Horoscope at Birth Equally Futile Use of the Clepsydra in Astrology The Predictions of the Chaldeans Not Ve

 Chapter VI.—Zodiacal Influence Origin of Sidereal Names.

 Chapter VII.—Practical Absurdity of the Chaldaic Art Development of the Art.

 Chapter VIII.—Prodigies of the Astrologers System of the Astronomers Chaldean Doctrine of Circles Distances of the Heavenly Bodies.

 Chapter IX.—Further Astronomic Calculations.

 Chapter X.—Theory of Stellar Motion and Distance in Accordance with Harmony.

 Chapter XI.—Theory of the Size of the Heavenly Bodies in Accordance with Numerical Harmonies.

 Chapter XII.—Waste of Mental Energy in the Systems of the Astrologers.

 Chapter XIII.—Mention of the Heretic Colarbasus Alliance Between Heresy and the Pythagorean Philosophy.

 Chapter XIV.—System of the Arithmeticians Predictions Through Calculations Numerical Roots Transference of These Doctrines to Letters Examples in

 Chapter XV.—Quibbles of the Numerical Theorists The Art of the Frontispicists (Physiognomy) Connection of This Art with Astrology Type of Those Bor

 Chapter XVI.—Type of Those Born Under Taurus.

 Chapter XVII.—Type of Those Born Under Gemini.

 Chapter XVIII.—Type of Those Born Under Cancer.

 Chapter XIX.—Type of Those Born Under Leo.

 Chapter XX.—Type of Those Born Under Virgo.

 Chapter XXI.—Type of Those Born Under Libra.

 Chapter XXII.—Type of Those Born Under Scorpio.

 Chapter XXIII.—Type of Those Born Under Sagittarius.

 Chapter XXIV.—Type of Those Born Under Capricorn.

 Chapter XXV.—Type of Those Born Under Aquarius.

 Chapter XXVI.—Type of Those Born Under Pisces.

 Chapter XXVII.—Futility of This Theory of Stellar Influence.

 … And (the sorcerer), taking (a paper), directs the inquirer to write down with water whatever questions he may desire to have asked from the demons.

 Chapter XXIX.—Display of Different Eggs.

 Chapter XXX.—Self-Slaughter of Sheep.

 Chapter XXXI.—Method of Poisoning Goats.

 Chapter XXXII.—Imitations of Thunder, and Other Illusions.

 Chapter XXXIII.—The Burning Æsculapius Tricks with Fire.

 Chapter XXXIV.—The Illusion of the Sealed Letters Object in Detailing These Juggleries.

 Chapter XXXV.—The Divination by a Cauldron Illusion of Fiery Demons Specimen of a Magical Invocation.

 Chapter XXXVI.—Mode of Managing an Apparition.

 Chapter XXXVII.—Illusive Appearance of the Moon.

 Chapter XXXVIII.—Illusive Appearance of the Stars.

 Chapter XXXIX.—Imitation of an Earthquake.

 Chapter XL.—Trick with the Liver.

 Chapter XLI.—Making a Skull Speak.

 Chapter XLII.—The Fraud of the Foregoing Practices Their Connection with Heresy.

 Chapter XLIII.—Recapitulation of Theologies and Cosmogonies System of the Persians Of the Babylonians The Egyptian Notion of Deity Their Theology

 Chapter XLIV.—Egyptian Theory of Nature Their Amulets.

 Chapter XLV.—Use of the Foregoing Discussions.

 Chapter XLVI.—The Astrotheosophists Aratus Imitated by the Heresiarchs His System of the Disposition of the Stars.

 Chapter XLVII.—Opinions of the Heretics Borrowed from Aratus.

 Chapter XLVIII.—Invention of the Lyre Allegorizing the Appearance and Position of the Stars Origin of the Phœnicians The Logos Identified by Aratus

 Chapter XLIX.—Symbol of the Creature And of Spirit And of the Different Orders of Animals.

 Chapter L.—Folly of Astrology.

 Chapter LI.—The Hebdomadarii System of the Arithmeticians Pressed into the Service of Heresy Instances Of, in Simon and Valentinus The Nature of t

 Book V.

 Chapter I.—Recapitulation Characteristics of Heresy Origin of the Name Naasseni The System of the Naasseni.

 Chapter II.—Naasseni Ascribe Their System, Through Mariamne, to James the Lord’s Brother Really Traceable to the Ancient Mysteries Their Psychology

 Chapter III.—Further Exposition of the Heresy of the Naasseni Profess to Follow Homer Acknowledge a Triad of Principles Their Technical Names of th

 Chapter IV.—Further Use Made of the System of the Phrygians Mode of Celebrating the Mysteries The Mystery of the “Great Mother ” These Mysteries Hav

 Chapter V.—Explanation of the System of the Naasseni Taken from One of Their Hymns.

 Chapter VI.—The Ophites the Grand Source of Heresy.

 Chapter VII.—The System of the Peratæ Their Tritheism Explanation of the Incarnation.

 Chapter VIII.—The Peratæ Derive Their System from the Astrologers This Proved by a Statement of the Astrological Theories of the Zodiac Hence the Te

 Chapter IX.—System of the Peratæ Explained Out of One of Their Own Books.

 Chapter X.—The Peratic Heresy Nominally Different from Astrology, But Really the Same System Allegorized.

 Chapter XI.—Why They Call Themselves Peratæ Their Theory of Generation Supported by an Appeal to Antiquity Their Interpretation of the Exodus ofIsra

 Chapter XII.—Compendious Statement of the Doctrines of the Peratæ.

 Chapter XIII.—The Peratic Heresy Not Generally Known.

 Chapter XIV.—The System of the Sethians Their Triad of Infinite Principles Their Heresy Explained Their Interpretation of the Incarnation.

 Chapter XV.—The Sethians Support Their Doctrines by an Allegorical Interpretation of Scripture Their System Really Derived from Natural Philosophers

 Chapter XVI.—The Sethian Theory Concerning “Mixture” And “Composition ” Application of It to Christ Illustration from the Well of Ampa.

 Chapter XVII.—The Sethian Doctrines to Be Learned from the “Paraphrase of Seth.”

 Chapter XVIII.—The System of Justinus Antiscriptural and Essentially Pagan.

 Chapter XIX.—The Justinian Heresy Unfolded in the “Book of Baruch.”

 Chapter XX.—The Cosmogony of Justinus an Allegorical Explanation of Herodotus’ Legend of Hercules.

 Chapter XXI.—Justinus’ Triad of Principles His Angelography Founded on This Triad His Explanation of the Birth, Life, and Death of Our Lord.

 Chapter XXII.—Oath Used by the Justinian Heretics The Book of Baruch The Repertory of Their System.

 Chapter XXIII.—Subsequent Heresies Deducible from the System of Justinus.

 Book VI.

 Whatever opinions, then, were entertained by those who derived the first principles (of their doctrine) from the serpent, and in process of time delib

 Chapter II.—Simon Magus.

 Chapter III.—Story of Apsethus the Libyan.

 Chapter IV.—Simon’s Forced Interpretation of Scripture Plagiarizes from Heraclitus and Aristotle Simon’s System of Sensible and Intelligible Existen

 Chapter V.—Simon Appeals to Scripture in Support of His System.

 Chapter VI.—Simon’s System Expounded in the Work, Great Announcement Follows Empedocles.

 Chapter VII.—Simon’s System of a Threefold Emanation by Pairs.

 Chapter VIII.—Further Progression of This Threefold Emanation Co-Existence with the Double Triad of a Seventh Existence.

 Chapter IX.—Simon’s Interpretation of the Mosaic Hexaëmeron His Allegorical Representation of Paradise.

 Chapter X.—Simon’s Explanation of the First Two Books of Moses.

 Chapter XI.—Simon’s Explanation of the Three Last Books of the Pentateuch.

 Chapter XII.—Fire a Primal Principle, According to Simon.

 Chapter XIII.—His Doctrine of Emanation Further Expanded.

 Chapter XIV.—Simon Interprets His System by the Mythological Representation of Helen of Troy Gives an Account of Himself in Connection with the Troja

 Chapter XV.—Simon’s Disciples Adopt the Mysteries Simon Meets St. Peter at Rome Account of Simon’s Closing Years.

 Chapter XVI.—Heresy of Valentinus Derived from Plato and Pythagoras.

 Chapter XVII.—Origin of the Greek Philosophy.

 Chapter XVIII.—Pythagoras’ System of Numbers.

 Chapter XIX.—Pythagoras’ Duality of Substances His “Categories.”

 Chapter XX.—Pythagoras’ Cosmogony Similar to that of Empedocles.

 Chapter XXI.—Other Opinions of Pythagoras.

 Chapter XXII.—The “Sayings” Of Pythagoras.

 Chapter XXIII.—Pythagoras’ Astronomic System.

 Chapter XXIV.—Valentinus Convicted of Plagiarisms from the Platonic and Pythagoric Philosophy The Valentinian Theory of Emanation by Duads.

 Chapter XXV.—The Tenet of the Duad Made the Foundation of Valentinus’ System of the Emanation of Æons.

 Chapter XXVI.—Valentinus’ Explanation of the Existence of Christ and the Spirit.

 Chapter XXVII.—Valentinus’ Explanation of the Existence of Jesus Power of Jesus Over Humanity.

 Chapter XXVIII.—The Valentinian Origin of the Creation.

 Chapter XXIX.—The Other Valentinian Emanations in Conformity with the Pythagorean System of Numbers.

 Chapter XXX.—Valentinus’ Explanation of the Birth of Jesus Twofold Doctrine on the Nature of Jesus’ Body Opinion of the Italians, that Is, Heracleon

 Chapter XXXI.—Further Doctrines of Valentinus Respecting the Æons Reasons for the Incarnation.

 Chapter XXXII.—Valentinus Convicted of Plagiarisms from Plato.

 Chapter XXXIII.—Secundus’ System of Æons Epiphanes Ptolemæus.

 Chapter XXXIV.—System of Marcus A Mere Impostor His Wicked Devices Upon the Eucharistic Cup.

 Chapter XXXV.—Further Acts of Jugglery on the Part of Marcus.

 Chapter XXXVI.—The Heretical Practices of the Marcites in Regard of Baptism.

 Chapter XXXVII.—Marcus’ System Explained by Irenæus Marcus’ Vision The Vision of Valentinus Revealing to Him His System.

 Chapter XXXVIII.—Marcus’ System of Letters.

 Chapter XXXIX.—The Quaternion Exhibits “Truth.”

 Chapter XL.—The Name of Christ Jesus.

 Chapter XLI.—Marcus’ Mystic Interpretation of the Alphabet.

 Chapter XLII.—His System Applied to Explain Our Lord’s Life and Death.

 Chapter XLIII—Letters, Symbols of the Heavens.

 Chapter XLIV.—Respecting the Generation of the Twenty-Four Letters.

 Chapter XLV.—Why Jesus is Called Alpha.

 Chapter XLVI.—Marcus’ Account of the Birth and Life of Our Lord.

 Chapter XLVII.—The System of Marcus Shown to Be that of Pythagoras, by Quotations from the Writings of Marcus’ Followers.

 Chapter XLVIII.—Their Cosmogony Framed According to These Mystic Doctrines of Letters.

 Chapter XLIX.—The Work of the Demiurge Perishable.

 Chapter L.—Marcus and Colarbasus Refuted by Irenæus.

 Book VII.

 Chapter I.—Heresy Compared to (1) the Stormy Ocean, (2) the Rocks of the Sirens Moral from Ulysses and the Sirens.

 Chapter II.—The System of Basilides Derived from Aristotle.

 Chapter III.—Sketch of Aristotle’s Philosophy.

 Chapter IV.—Aristotle’s General Idea.

 Chapter V.—Nonentity as a Cause.

 Chapter VI.—Substance, According to Aristotle The Predicates.

 Chapter VII.—Aristotle’s Cosmogony His “Psychology ” His “Entelecheia ” His Theology His Ethics Basilides Follows Aristotle.

 Chapter VIII.—Basilides and Isidorus Allege Apostolic Sanction for Their Systems They Really Follow Aristotle.

 Chapter IX.—Basilides Adopts the Aristotelian Doctrine of “Nonentity.”

 Chapter X.—Origin of the World Basilides’ Account of the “Sonship.”

 Chapter XI.—The “Great Archon” Of Basilides.

 Chapter XII.—Basilides Adopts the “Entelecheia” Of Aristotle.

 Chapter XIII.—Further Explanation of the “Sonship.”

 Chapter XIV.—Whence Came the Gospel The Number of Heavens According to Basilides Explanation of Christ’s Miraculous Conception.

 Chapter XV.—God’s Dealings with the Creature Basilides’ Notion of (1) the Inner Man, (2) the Gospel His Interpretation of the Life and Sufferings of

 Chapter XVI.—The System of Saturnilus.

 Chapter XVII.—Marcion His Dualism Derives His System from Empedocles Sketch of the Doctrine of Empedocles.

 Chapter XVIII.—Source of Marcionism Empedocles Reasserted as the Suggester of the Heresy.

 Chapter XIX.—The Heresy of Prepon Follows Empedocles Marcion Rejects the Generation of the Saviour.

 Chapter XX.—The Heresy of Carpocrates Wicked Doctrines Concerning Jesus Christ Practise Magical Arts Adopt a Metempsychosis.

 Chapter XXI.—The System of Cerinthus Concerning Christ.

 Chapter XXII.—Doctrine of the Ebionæans.

 Chapter XXIII.—The Heresy of Theodotus.

 Chapter XXIV.—The Melchisedecians The Nicolaitans.

 Chapter XXV.—The Heresy of Cerdon.

 Chapter XXVI.—The Doctrines of Apelles Philumene, His Prophetess.

 Contents.

 Chapter I.—Heresies Hitherto Refuted Opinions of the Docetæ.

 Chapter II.—Docetic Notion of the Incarnation Their Doctrines of Æons Their Account of Creation Their Notion of a Fiery God.

 Chapter III.—Christ Undoes the Work of the Demiurge Docetic Account of the Baptism and Death of Jesus Why He Lived for Thirty Years on Earth.

 Chapter IV.—Docetic Doctrine Derived from the Greek Sophists.

 Chapter V.—Monoïmus Man the Universe, According to Monoïmus His System of the Monad.

 Chapter VI.—Monoïmus’ “Iota ” His Notion of the “Son of Man.”

 Chapter VII.—Monoïmus on the Sabbath Allegorizes the Rod of Moses Notion Concerning the Decalogue.

 Chapter VIII.—Monoïmus Explains His Opinions in a Letter to Theophrastus Where to Find God His System Derived from Pythagoras.

 Chapter IX.—Tatian.

 Chapter X.—Hermogenes Adopts the Socratic Philosophy His Notion Concerning the Birth and Body of Our Lord.

 Chapter XI.—The Quartodecimans.

 Chapter XII.—The Montanists Priscilla and Maximilla Their Prophetesses Some of Them Noetians.

 Others, however, styling themselves Encratites, acknowledge some things concerning God and Christ in like manner with the Church. In respect, however,

 Book IX.

 A lengthened conflict, then, having been maintained concerning all heresies by us who, at all events, have not left any unrefuted, the greatest strugg

 Chapter II.—Source of the Heresy of Noetus Cleomenes His Disciple Its Appearance at Rome During the Episcopates of Zephyrinus and Callistus Noetian

 Chapter III.—Noetianism an Offshoot from the Heraclitic Philosophy.

 Chapter IV.—An Account of the System of Heraclitus.

 Chapter V.—Heraclitus’ Estimate of Hesiod Paradoxes of Heraclitus His Eschatology The Heresy of Noetus of Heraclitean Origin Noetus’ View of the B

 Chapter VI.—Conduct of Callistus and Zephyrinus in the Matter of Noetianism Avowed Opinion of Zephyrinus Concerning Jesus Christ Disapproval of Hipp

 Chapter VII.—The Personal History of Callistus His Occupation as a Banker Fraud on Carpophorus Callistus Absconds Attempted Suicide Condemned to

 Chapter VIII.—Sect of the Elchasaites Hippolytus’ Opposition to It.

 Chapter IX.—Elchasai Derived His System from Pythagoras Practised Incantations.

 Chapter X.—Elchasai’s Mode of Administering Baptism Formularies.

 Chapter XI.—Precepts of Elchasai.

 Chapter XII.—The Heresy of the Elchasaites a Derivative One.

 Chapter XIII.—The Jewish Sects.

 Chapter XIV.—The Tenets of the Esseni.

 Chapter XV.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XVI.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XVII.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XVIII.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XIX.—The Tenets of the Esseni Continued.

 Chapter XX.—The Tenets of the Esseni Concluded.

 Chapter XXI.—Different Sects of the Esseni.

 Chapter XXII.—Belief of the Esseni in the Resurrection Their System a Suggestive One.

 Chapter XXIII.—Another Sect of the Esseni: the Pharisees.

 Chapter XXIV.—The Sadducees.

 Chapter XXV.—The Jewish Religion.

 Chapter XXVI.—Conclusion to the Work Explained.

 Book X.

 Chapter I.—Recapitulation.

 Chapter II.—Summary of the Opinions of Philosophers.

 Chapter III.—Summary of the Opinions of Philosophers Continued.

 Chapter IV.—Summary of the Opinions of Philosophers Continued.

 Chapter V.—The Naasseni.

 Chapter VI.—The Peratæ.

 Chapter VII.—The Sethians.

 Chapter VIII.—Simon Magus.

 Chapter IX.—Valentinus.

 Chapter X.—Basilides.

 Chapter XI.—Justinus.

 Chapter XII.—The Docetæ.

 Chapter XIII.—Monoïmus.

 Chapter XIV.—Tatian.

 Chapter XV.—Marcion and Cerdo.

 Chapter XVI.—Apelles.

 Chapter XVII.—Cerinthus.

 Chapter XVIII.—The Ebionæans.

 But Theodotus of Byzantium introduced a heresy of the following description, alleging that all things were created by the true God whereas that Chris

 Chapter XX.—Melchisedecians.

 Chapter XXI.—The Phrygians or Montanists.

 Chapter XXII.—The Phrygians or Montanists Continued.

 Chapter XXIII.—Noetus and Callistus.

 Chapter XXIV.—Hermogenes.

 Chapter XXV.—The Elchasaites.

 Chapter XXVI.—Jewish Chronology.

 Chapter XXVII.—Jewish Chronology Continued.

 Chapter XXVIII.—The Doctrine of the Truth.

 Chapter XXIX.—The Doctrine of the Truth Continued.

 Chapter XXX.—The Author’s Concluding Address.

Chapter IV.—Further Use Made of the System of the Phrygians; Mode of Celebrating the Mysteries; The Mystery of the “Great Mother;” These Mysteries Have a Joint Object of Worship with the Naasseni; The Naasseni Allegorize the Scriptural Account of the Garden of Eden; The Allegory Applied to the Life of Jesus.

The Phrygians, however, further assert that the father of the universe is “Amygdalus,” not a tree, he says, but that he is “Amygdalus” who previously existed; and he having in himself the perfect fruit, as it were, throbbing and moving in the depth, rent his breasts, and produced his now invisible, and nameless, and ineffable child, respecting whom we shall speak.  For the word “Amyxai” signifies, as it were, to burst and sever through, as he says (happens) in the case of inflamed bodies, and which have in themselves any tumour; and when doctors have cut this, they call it “Amychai.” In this way, he says, the Phrygians call him “Amygdalus,” from which proceeded and was born the Invisible (One), “by whom all things were made, and nothing was made without Him.”416    Or, “the cold atmosphere.”    John i. 3. And the Phrygians say that what has been thence produced is “Syrictas” (piper), because the Spirit that is born is harmonious. “For God,” he says, “is Spirit; wherefore,” he affirms, “neither in this mountain do the true worshippers worship, nor in Jerusalem, but in spirit. For the adoration of the perfect ones,” he says, “is spiritual, not carnal.”417    Or, “manifestation.”    John iv. 21. The Spirit, however, he says, is there where likewise the Father is named, and the Son is there born from this Father. This, he says, is the many-named, thousand-eyed Incomprehensible One, of whom every nature—each, however, differently—is desirous. This, he says, is the word of God, which, he says, is a word of revelation of the Great Power.  Wherefore it will be sealed, and hid, and concealed, lying in the habitation where lies the basis of the root of the universe, viz. Æons, Powers, Intelligences, Gods, Angels, delegated Spirits, Entities, Nonentities, Generables, Ingenerables, Incomprehensibles, Comprehensibles, Years, Months, Days, Hours, (and) Invisible Point from which418    Or, “manifestation.”    ἐξ ἧς or ἑξῆς, i.e., next. what is least begins to increase gradually. That which is, he says, nothing, and which consists of nothing, inasmuch as it is indivisible—(I mean) a point—will become through its own reflective power a certain incomprehensible magnitude. This, he says, is the kingdom of heaven, the grain of mustard seed,419    Or, “reasonable.”    Matt. xiii. 31, 32; Mark iv. 31, 32; Luke xiii. 19. the point which is indivisible in the body; and, he says, no one knows this (point) save the spiritual only. This, he says, is what has been spoken: “There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard.”420    Or, “but the motion…is whirled on with velocity.”    Ps. xix. 3.

They rashly assume in this manner, that whatsoever things have been said and done by all men, (may be made to harmonize) with their own particular mental view, alleging that all things become spiritual. Whence likewise they assert, that those exhibiting themselves in theatres,—not even these say or do anything without premeditation. Therefore, he says, when, on the people assembling in the theatres, any one enters clad in a remarkable robe, carrying a harp and playing a tune (upon it, accompanying it) with a song of the great mysteries, he speaks as follows, not knowing what he says:  “Whether (thou art) the race of Saturn or happy Jupiter,421    This rendering of the passage may be deduced from Sextus Empiricus.    The passage following obviously was in verse originally. It has been restored to its poetic form by Schneidewin. or mighty Rhea, Hail, Attis, gloomy mutilation of Rhea. Assyrians style thee thrice-longed-for Adonis, and the whole of Egypt (calls thee) Osiris, celestial horn of the moon; Greeks denominate (thee) Wisdom; Samothracians, venerable Adam; Hæmonians, Corybas; and them Phrygians (name thee) at one time Papa, at another time Corpse, or God, or Fruitless, or Aipolos, or green Ear of Corn that has been reaped, or whom the very fertile Amygdalus produced—a man, a musician.” This, he says, is multiform Attis, whom while they celebrate in a hymn, they utter these words: “I will hymn Attis, son of Rhea, not with the buzzing sounds of trumpets, or of Idæan pipers, which accord with (the voices of) the Curetes; but I will mingle (my song) with Apollo’s music of harps, ‘evoe, evan,’ inasmuch as thou art Pan, as thou art Bacchus, as thou art shepherd of brilliant stars.”

On account of these and such like reasons, these constantly attend the mysteries called those of the “Great Mother,” supposing especially that they behold by means of the ceremonies performed there the entire mystery. For these have nothing more than the ceremonies that are performed there, except that they are not emasculated: they merely complete the work of the emasculated. For with the utmost severity and vigilance they enjoin (on their votaries) to abstain, as if they were emasculated, from intercourse with a woman. The rest, however, of the proceeding (observed in these mysteries), as we have declared at some length, (they follow) just as (if they were) emasculated persons.  And they do not worship any other object but Naas, (from thence) being styled Naasseni. But Naas is the serpent from whom, i.e., from the word Naas, (the Naassene) says, are all that under heaven are denominated temples (Naous). And (he states) that to him alone—that is, Naas—is dedicated every shrine and every initiatory rite, and every mystery; and, in general, that a religious ceremony could not be discovered under heaven, in which a temple (Naos) has no existence; and in the temple itself is Naas, from whom it has received its denomination of temple (Naos). And these affirm that the serpent is a moist substance, just as Thales also, the Milesian, (spoke of water as an originating principle,) and that nothing of existing things, immortal or mortal, animate or inanimate, could consist at all without him. And that all things are subject unto him, and that he is good, and that he has all things in himself, as in the horn of the one-horned bull;422    Deut. xxxiii. 17. so as that he imparts beauty and bloom to all things that exist according to their own nature and peculiarity, as if passing through all, just as (“the river) proceeding forth from Edem, and dividing itself into four heads.”423    Gen. ii. 10.

They assert, however, that Edem is the brain, as it were, bound and tightly fastened in encircling robes, as if (in) heaven. But they suppose that man, as far as the head only, is Paradise, therefore that “this river, which proceeds out of Edem,” that is, from the brain, “is divided into four heads,424    Gen. ii. 11–14. and that the name of the first river is called Phison; this is that which encompasseth all the land of Havilath: there is gold, and the gold of that land is excellent, and there is bdellium and the onyx stone.” This, he says, is the eye, which, by its honour (among the rest of the bodily organs), and its colours, furnishes testimony to what is spoken. “But the name of the second river is Gihon: this is that which compasseth the land of Ethiopia.” This, he says, is hearing, since Gihon is (a tortuous stream), resembling a sort of labyrinth. “And the name of the third is Tigris. This is that which floweth over against (the country of) the Assyrians.” This, he says,425    Or, “they say.” is smelling, employing the exceedingly rapid current of the stream (as an analogy of this sense). But it flows over against (the country of) the Assyrians, because in every act of respiration following upon expiration, the breath drawn in from the external atmosphere enters with swifter motion and greater force. For this, he says, is the nature of respiration. “But the fourth river is Euphrates.” This, they assert, is the mouth, through which are the passage outwards of prayer, and the passage inwards of nourishment. (The mouth) makes glad, and nurtures and fashions the Spiritual Perfect Man. This, he says, is “the water that is above the firmament,”426    Gen. i. 7. concerning which, he says, the Saviour has declared, “If thou knewest who it is that asks, thou wouldst have asked from Him, and He would have given you to drink living, bubbling water.”427    John iv. 10. Into this water, he says, every nature enters, choosing its own substances; and its peculiar quality comes to each nature from this water, he says, more than iron does to the magnet, and the gold to the backbone428    κερκίς. This word literally means the rod; or, in later times, the comb fixed into the ἱστός (i.e., the upright loom), for the purpose of driving the threads of the woof home, thus making the web even and close. It is, among other significations, applied to bones in the leg or arm. Cruice and Schneidewin translate κερκίς by spina, a rendering adopted above. The allusion is made again in chap. xii. and chap. xvi. In the last passage, κέντρον (spur) is used instead of κερκίς of the sea falcon, and the chaff to the amber.

But if any one, he says, is blind from birth, and has never beheld the true light, “which lighteneth every man that cometh into the world,”429    John i. 9; ix. 1. by us let him recover his sight, and behold, as it were, through some paradise planted with every description of tree, and supplied with abundance of fruits, water coursing its way through all the trees and fruits; and he will see that from one and the same water the olive chooses for itself and draws the oil, and the vine the wine; and (so is it with) the rest of plants, according to each genus. That Man, however, he says, is of no reputation in the world, but of illustrious fame in heaven, being betrayed by those who are ignorant (of his perfections) to those who know him not, being accounted as a drop from a cask.430    Isa. xl. 15. We, however, he says, are spiritual, who, from the life-giving water of Euphrates, which flows through the midst of Babylon, choose our own peculiar quality as we pass through the true gate, which is the blessed Jesus. And of all men, we Christians alone are those who in the third gate celebrate the mystery, and are anointed there with the unspeakable chrism from a horn, as David (was anointed), not from an earthen vessel,431    1 Sam. x. 1; xvi. 13. he says, as (was) Saul, who held converse with the evil demon432    1 Sam. xvi. 14. of carnal concupiscence.

[9] Ἔτι δὲ οἱ Φρύγες λέγουσι τὸν πατέρα τῶν ὅλων εἶναι ἀμύγδαλον: οὐχὶ δένδρον, φησίν, ἀλλ' εἶναι ἀμύγδαλον ἐκεῖνον τὸν προόντα, ὃς ἔχων ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὸν τέλειον καρπόν, οἱονεὶ διασφύζοντα καὶ κινούμενον ἐν βάθει, διήμυξε τοὺς κόλπους αὑτοῦ καὶ ἐγέννησε τὸν ἀόρατον καὶ ἀκατονόμαστον [καὶ] ἄρρητον παῖδα ἑαυτοῦ, περὶ οὗ λαλοῦμεν. ἀμύξαι γάρ, [φησίν,] ἐστὶ(ν) οἱονεὶ ῥῆξαι καὶ διατεμεῖν: καθάπερ [γάρ], φησίν, ἐπὶ τῶν φλεγμαινόντων σωμάτων καὶ ἐχόντων ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τινα συστροφήν, [ἃς] ἀμυχὰς οἱ ἰατροὶ λέγουσιν ἀνατεμόντες, οὕτως, φησί, Φρύγες τὸν [πατέρα] ἀμύγδαλον καλοῦσιν, ἀφ' οὗ προῆλθε καὶ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἀόρατος, «δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο, καὶ χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδέν». Συρικτὰν δέ φασιν εἶναι Φρύγες τὸν ἐκεῖθεν γεγεννημένον, ὅτι πνεῦμα ἐναρμόνιόν ἐστι, [φησί,] τὸ γεγεννημένον: «πνεῦμα» γάρ, φησίν, ἐστὶν «ὁ θεός»: διό, φησίν, «οὔτε ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ προσκυνοῦσιν οὔτε ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ» «οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταί», ἀλλὰ «ἐν πνεύματι»: πνευματικὴ γάρ, φησίν, ἐστὶ τῶν τελείων ἡ προσκύνησις, οὐ σαρκική. τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα, φησίν, ἐκεῖ ὅπου καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ὀνομάζεται, [καὶ] ὁ υἱὸς ἐκ τούτου τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκεῖ γεννώμενος. οὗτος, φησίν, ἐστὶν ὁ πολυώνυμος μυριόμματος ἀκατάληπτος, οὗ πᾶσα φύσις, ἄλλη δὲ ἄλλως ὀρέγεται. [καὶ] τοῦτο, φησίν, ἐστὶ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅ, φησίν, ἐστὶ ῥῆμα Ἀποφάσεως τῆς μεγάλης δυνάμεως. διὸ ἔσται ἐσφραγισμένον καὶ κεκρυμμένον καὶ κεκαλυμμένον, κείμενον ἐν τῷ οἰκητηρίῳ οὗ ἡ ῥίζα τῶν ὅλων τεθεμελίωται [ἀπό τε]_αἰώνων δυνάμεων ἐπινοιῶν, θεῶν ἀγγέλων πνευμάτων ἀπεσταλμένων, ὄντων μὴ ὄντων, γεγονότων [ἀ]γενήτων, καταληπτῶν ἀκαταλήπτων, ἐνιαυτῶν μηνῶν ἡμερῶν ὡρῶν_, στιγμὴ ἀμέριστος [οὖσα], ἐξ ἧς, [φησίν,] ἐνάρχεται τὸ ἐλάχιστον αὐξῆσαι κατὰ μέρος. ἣ [γάρ,] μηδὲν οὖσα, φησί, καὶ ἐκ μηδενὸς συνεστῶσα [στιγμὴ ἀμέριστος οὖσα], γενήσεται ἑαυτῆ[ς] ἐπινοίᾳ μέγεθός τι ἀκατάληπτον. αὕτη, φησίν, ἐστὶν «ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν», «ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σινάπεως», ἡ ἀμέριστος ἐνυπάρχουσα τῷ σώματι στιγμή, ἣν οἶδε, φησίν, οὐδεὶς [ἀλλ'] ἢ οἱ πνευματικοὶ μόνοι. τοῦτο, φησίν, ἐστὶ τὸ εἰρημένον: «οὐκ εἰσὶ λόγοι οὐδὲ λαλιαί, ὧν οὐχὶ ἀκούονται αἱ φωναὶ αὐτῶν». Ταῦθ' οὕτως σχεδιάζουσι, τὰ ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων λεγόμενά τε καὶ γινόμενα πρὸς [τὸν] ἴδιον νοῦν πνευματικῶς φάσκοντες πάντα γίνεσθαι: ὅθεν καὶ τοὺς [ἐν τοῖς] θεάτροις ἐπιδεικνυμένους λέγουσι μη[δ'] αὐτοὺς ἀπρονοήτως τι λέγειν ἢ ποιεῖν. τοιγαροῦν, φησίν, ἐπὰν συνέλθῃ ὁ δῆμος ἐν τοῖς θεάτροις, εἰσιών τις ἠμφιεσμένος στολὴν ἔξαλλον, κιθάραν φέρων καὶ ψάλλων, οὕτως λέγει ᾄδων τὰ μεγάλα μυστήρια, οὐκ εἰδὼς ἃ λέγει: Εἴτε Κρόνου γένος, εἴτε Διὸς μάκαρ, εἴτε Ῥέας, μέγα χαῖρε [θεός], τὸ κατηφὲς ἄκουσμα Ῥέας Ἄττι: σὲ κα λοῦσι μὲν Ἀσσύριοι τριπόθητον Ἄ δωνιν, ὅλη δ' Αἴγυπτος Ὄσιριν, ἐπ ουράνιον Μηνὸς κέρας Ἑλλη νὶς σοφία, Σαμόθρᾳκες Ἀδάμ[να] σε βάσμιον, Αἱμόνιοι Κορύβαντα, καὶ οἱ Φρύγες ἄλλοτε μὲν Πάπαν, ποτὲ δ' [αὖ] νέκυν ἢ θεὸν ἢ τὸν ἄκαρπον ἢ αἰπόλον ἢ χλοερὸν στάχυν ἀμη θέντ' ἢ [τ]ὸν πολύκαρπον ἔτικτεν ἀ μύγδαλος, ἀνέρα συρικτάν. Τοῦτον [οὖν καὶ τοιοῦτόν] φησιν εἶναι [τὸν] πολύμορφον Ἄττιν, ὃν ὑμνοῦντες λέγουσιν οὕτως: Ἄττιν ὑμνήσω τὸν Ῥείης, οὐ [κ]ωδώνων σὺμ βόμβοις, οὐδ' αὐλῷ [τῶν] Ἰδαίων Κουρήτων [σὺμ] μυκητᾷ, ἀλλ' εἰς Φοιβείαν μίξω μοῦσαν φορμίγγων: εὐοῖ, εὐάν, ὡς Πάν, ὡς Βακχεύς, ὡς ποιμὴν λευκῶν ἄστρων. Διὰ τούτους καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους λόγους παρεδρεύουσιν οὗτοι τοῖς λεγομένοις Μητρὸς μεγάλης μυστηρίοις, μάλιστα καθορᾶν νομίζοντες διὰ τῶν ἐκεῖ δρωμένων τὸ ὅλον μυστήριον [αὑτῶν]. οὐδὲν δὲ ἔχουσι πλέον οὗτοι τῶν ἐκεῖ δρωμένων, πλὴν ὅτι οὔκ εἰσιν ἀποκεκομμένοι, μόνον [δὲ] τὸ ἔργον τῶν ἀποκεκομμένων ἐκτελοῦσιν_πάνυ γὰρ πικρῶς καὶ πεφυλαγμένως παραγγέλλουσιν ἀπέχεσθαι, ὡσ[ὰν] ἀποκεκομμένοι, τῆς πρὸς γυναῖκα ὁμιλίας: _τὸ δὲ λοιπόν [ἔργον], ὡς εἰρήκαμεν διὰ πολλῶν, ὥσπερ οἱ ἀπόκοποι δρῶσι. Τιμῶσι δὲ οὐκ ἄλλο τι ἢ τὸν νάας οὗτοι, Να[α]σσηνοὶ καλούμενοι. νάας δέ ἐστιν ὁ ὄφις: ἀφ' οὗ φασι πάντας εἶναι τοὺς ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν προσαγορευομένους ναοὺς [ἀπὸ τοῦ νάας], κἀκείνῳ μόνῳ τῷ νάας ἀνακεῖσθαι πᾶν ἱερὸν καὶ πᾶσαν τελετὴν καὶ πᾶν μυστήριον, καὶ καθόλου μὴ δύνασθαι τελετὴν εὑρεθῆναι ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν, ἐν ᾗ ναὸς οὐκ ἔστι καὶ ὁ νάας ἐν αὐτῷ, ἀφ' οὗ ἔλαχε ναὸς καλεῖσθαι. Εἶναι δὲ τὸν ὄφιν λέγουσιν οὗτοι τὴν ὑγρὰν οὐσίαν, καθάπερ καὶ Θαλῆς [ἔφη] ὁ Μιλήσιος, καὶ μηδὲν δύνασθαι τῶν ὄντων ὅλως, ἀθανάτων ἢ θνητῶν, [τῶν] ἐμψύχων ἢ ἀψύχων, συνεστηκέναι χωρὶς αὐτοῦ. ὑποκεῖσθαι δὲ αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα, καὶ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἀγαθόν, καὶ ἔχειν πάντων ἐν αὑτῷ, ὥσπερ «ἐν κέρατι ταύρου μονοκέρωτος», τὸ κάλλος [τῶν ἄλλων], καὶ τὴν ὡραιότητα ἐπιδιδόναι πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσι κατὰ φύσιν τὴν ἑαυτῶν καὶ οἰκειότητα. οἱονεὶ διὰ πάντων ὁδεύοντα, ὥσπερ «[ποταμὸν] ἐκπορευόμενον ἐξ Ἐδὲμ [ποτίζειν τὸν παράδεισον]» καὶ «σχιζόμενον εἰς ἀρχὰς τέσσαρας». Ἐδὲμ δὲ εἶναι λέγουσι τὸν ἐγκέφαλον, οἱονεὶ δεδεμένον καὶ κατεσφιγμένον ἐν τοῖς περικειμένοις χιτῶσιν ὥσπερ οὐρανοῖς, παράδεισον [δὲ] εἶναι νομίζουσι τὸν μέχρι μόνης τῆς κεφαλῆς ἄνθρωπον. ἐξερχόμενον οὖν τοῦτον τὸν ποταμὸν ἐξ Ἐδέμ_τουτέστιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου_«ἀφορίζεσθαι εἰς ἀρχὰς τέσσαρας: καλεῖσθαι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πρώτου ποταμοῦ Φεισών: οὗτος ὁ κυκλῶν πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν Εὐϊλάτ: ἐκεῖ οὖν ἐστι τὸ χρυσίον: τὸ δὲ χρυσίον τῆς γῆς ἐκείνης καλόν: καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθραξ καὶ [ὁ] λίθος ὁ πράσινος»: οὗτος, φησίν, [ἐστὶν] ὀφθαλμός, τῇ τιμῇ καὶ τοῖς χρώμασι μαρτυρῶν τῶν λεγομένων. τὸ δὲ «ὄνομα τοῦ δευτέρου ποταμοῦ Γεών: οὗτος ὁ κυκλῶν πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν Αἰθιοπίας»: οὗτος, φησίν, ἐστὶν ἀκοή, λαβυρινθώδης τις ὤν. καὶ ὄνομα «τῷ τρίτῳ [ποταμῷ] Τίγρις: οὗτος [ἐστὶν] ὁ πορευόμενος κατέναντι Ἀσσυρίων»: οὗτος, φησίν, ἐστὶν ὄσφρησις, ὀξυτάτῃ χρώμενος τῇ φορᾷ τοῦ ῥεύματος: πορεύεται δὲ κατέναντι Ἀσσυρίων, ὅτι, [φησίν,] ἐκπνέοντι τῷ πνεύματι κατὰ τὴν ἀναπνοὴν τὸ ἔξωθεν, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀέρος [ἀνα]συρόμενον, ὀξύτερον καὶ βιαιότερον ἐπεισέρχεται πνεῦμα: ἀναπνοῆς γάρ, φησίν, αὕτη [ἡ] φύσις. «ὁ δὲ ποταμὸς ὁ τέταρτος Εὐφράτης»: τοῦτον λέγουσιν [εἶναι] στόμα, δι' οὗ ἡ τῆς προσευχῆς ἔξοδος καὶ ἡ τῆς τροφῆς εἴσοδος: [ὃς] εὐφραίνει καὶ τρέφει καὶ χαρακτηρίζει τὸν πνευματικὸν τέλειον ἄνθρωπον. Τοῦτο, φησίν, ἐστὶ «τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ὑπεράων τοῦ στερεώματος», περὶ οὗ, φησίν, εἴρηκεν ὁ σωτήρ: «εἰ ᾔδεις τίς ἐστιν ὁ αἰτῶν, σὺ ἂν ᾔτησας παρ' αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔδωκεν ἄν σοι πιεῖν ζῶν ὕδωρ ἁλλόμενον». ἐπὶ τοῦτο, φησί, τὸ ὕδωρ πᾶσα φύσις ἔρχεται τὰς ἑαυτῆς οὐσίας ἐκλέγουσα, καὶ προσέρχεται ἑκάστῃ φύσει ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος τούτου τὸ οἰκεῖον, φησί, μᾶλλον ἢ [ὁ] σίδηρος τῇ Ἡρακλείᾳ λίθῳ καὶ ὁ χρυσὸς τῇ τοῦ θαλασσίου ἱέρακος κερκίδι καὶ τὸ ἄχυρον τῷ ἠλέκτρῳ. εἰ δέ τις, φησίν, ἐστὶ «τυφλὸς ἐκ γενετῆς» καὶ μὴ τεθεαμένος «[τὸ] φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον», δι' ἡμῶν, [φησίν,] ἀναβλεψάτω καὶ ἰδέτω οἱονεὶ διά τινος παραδείσου συμφύτου καὶ πολυσπερμάτου ὕδωρ διερχόμενον διὰ πάντων τῶν φυτῶν καὶ τῶν σπερμάτων, καὶ ὄψεται ὅτι ἐξ ἑνὸς καὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ὕδατος ἐκλέγεται καὶ ἐπισπᾶται ἡ ἐλαία τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ ἡ ἄμπελος τὸν οἶνον καὶ τῶν ἄλλων κατὰ γένος ἕκαστον φυτῶν. ἔστι δέ, φησίν, ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος ἄτιμος ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ πολύτιμος ὑπὸ τῶν οὐκ εἰδότων τοῖς οὐκ εἰδόσιν αὐτόν, «λελογισμένος ὥσπερ σταγὼν ἀπὸ κάδου» οἵτινες ἐσμέν, φησίν, οἱ πνευματικοί, οἱ ἐκλεγόμενοι ἀπὸ τοῦ «ζῶντος ὕδατος» τοῦ ῥέοντος Εὐφράτου διὰ τῆς Βαβυλῶνος μέσης τὸ οἰκεῖον, [οἱ] διὰ τῆς πύλης ὁδεύοντες [τῆς] ἀληθινῆς, ἥτις ἐστὶν Ἰησοῦς ὁ μακάριος. καὶ ἐσμέν, [φησίν,] ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων ἡμεῖς Χριστιανοὶ μόνοι, [οἱ] ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ πύλῃ ἀπαρτίζοντες τὸ μυστήριον καὶ χριόμενοι ἐκεῖ ἀλάλῳ χρίσματι ἐκ κέρατος, ὡ[ς] Δαβίδ, οὐκ [ἐξ] ὀστρακίνου φακοῦ, φησίν, ὡς ὁ Σαούλ, ὁ συμπολιτευόμενος τῷ πονηρῷ δαίμονι, [τῷ] «τῆς σαρκικῆς ἐπιθυμίας».