Chapter V.—Another Method of Fixing the Horoscope at Birth; Equally Futile; Use of the Clepsydra in Astrology; The Predictions of the Chaldeans Not Verified.

In this way, the art practised by the Chaldeans will be shown to be unstable. Should any one, however, allege that, by questions put to him who inquires from the Chaldeans,152    Or, “nature.”    The text is corrupt, but the above seems probably the meaning, and agrees with the rendering of Schneidewin and Cruice. the birth can be ascertained, not even by this plan is it possible to arrive at the precise period. For if, supposing any such attention on their part in reference to their art to be on record, even these do not attain—as we have proved—unto accuracy either, how, we ask, can an unsophisticated individual comprehend precisely the time of parturition, in order that the Chaldean acquiring the requisite information from this person may set153    “And arithmetic” (added by Roeper).    Or, “view.” the horoscope correctly? But neither from the appearance of the horizon will the rising star seem the same everywhere; but in one place its declination will be supposed to be the horoscope, and in another the ascension (will be thought) the horoscope, according as the places come into view, being either lower or higher. Wherefore, also, from this quarter an accurate prediction will not appear, since many may be born throughout the entire world at the same hour, each from a different direction observing the stars.

But the supposed comprehension (of the period of parturition) by means of clepsydras154    Or, “and he first.”    The clepsydra, an instrument for measuring duration, was, with the sun-dial, invented by the Egyptians under the Ptolemies. It was employed not only for the measurement of time, but for making astronomic calculations. Water, as the name imports, was the fluid employed, though mercury has been likewise used. The inherent defect of an instrument of this description is mentioned by Hippolytus. is likewise futile. For the contents of the jar will not flow out in the same time when it is full as when it is half empty; yet, according to their own account, the pole itself by a single impulse is whirled along at an equable velocity. If, however, evading the argument,155    Or, “physiognomy.”    Literally, “twisting, tergiversating.” they should affirm that they do not take the time precisely, but as it happens in any particular latitude,156    Or, “in conformity with his hypothesis.”    This seems the meaning, as deducible from a comparison of Hippolytus with the corresponding passage in Sextus Empiricus. they will be refuted almost by the sidereal influences themselves. For those who have been born at the same time do not spend the same life, but some, for example, have been made kings, and others have grown old in fetters.  There has been born none equal, at all events, to Alexander the Macedonian, though many were brought forth along with him throughout the earth; (and) none equal to the philosopher Plato. Wherefore the Chaldean, examining the time of the birth in any particular latitude, will not be able to say accurately, whether a person born at this time will be prosperous. Many, I take it, born at this time, have been unfortunate, so that the similarity according to dispositions is futile.

Having, then, by different reasons and various methods, refuted the ineffectual mode of examination adopted by the Chaldeans, neither shall we omit this, namely, to show that their predictions will eventuate in inexplicable difficulties. For if, as the mathematicians assert, it is necessary that one born under the barb of Sagittarius’ arrow should meet with a violent death, how was it that so many myriads of the Barbarians that fought with the Greeks at Marathon or Salamis157    Or, “the third.”    Omitted by Sextus. were simultaneously slaughtered? For unquestionably there was not the same horoscope in the case, at all events, of them all. And again, it is said that one born under the urn of Aquarius will suffer shipwreck: (yet) how is it that so many158    Or, “an everlasting nature;” or, “having the roots of an everlasting nature in itself,” the words “as it were” being omitted in some mss.    The Abbe Cruice observes, in regard of some verbal difference here in the text from that of Sextus, that the ms. of The Refutation was probably executed by one who heard the extracts from other writers read to him, and frequently mistook the sound. The transcriber of the ms. was one Michael, as we learn from a marginal note at the end. of the Greeks that returned from Troy were overwhelmed in the deep around the indented shores of Eubœa? For it is incredible that all, distant from one another by a long interval of duration, should have been born under the urn of Aquarius. For it is not reasonable to say, that frequently, for one whose fate it was to be destroyed in the sea, all who were with him in the same vessel should perish. For why should the doom of this man subdue the (destinies) of all? Nay, but why, on account of one for whom it was allotted to die on land, should not all be preserved?

[5] Οὕτως ἀσύστατος [ἐ]δείχθη εἶναι ἡ κατὰ Χαλδαίους τέχνη. εἰ δὲ ἐξ ἐπερωτήσεων φάσκοι τις τοῦ πυνθανομένου σκοπεῖσθαι τὴν γένεσιν [ἡ] περὶ οὗ ἐπερωτᾶται, [λεκτέον] μηδὲ κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον δύνασθαι ἐφικνεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ ἀκριβές. εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτη τις ἐπιμέλεια ἱστόρηται κατ' αὐτοὺς περὶ τὴν τέχνην καὶ μηδ' αὐτοὶ ἐφικνοῦνται ἐπὶ τὸ ἀκριβές, καθὼς ἐπεδείξαμεν, πῶς ὁ ἰδιώτης κατείληφε τῆς ἀποτέξεως τὸν χρόνον ἀκριβῶς, ἵνα παρὰ τούτου μαθὼν ὁ Χαλδαῖος στήσῃ τὸν ὡροσκόπον ἀληθῶς; ἀλλ' οὐδὲ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ὁρίζοντος ὄψιν πάντη ὁ αὐτὸς φανήσεται ἀνίσχων ἀστήρ, ἀλλ' ὅπου μὲν ὡροσκόπος νομισθήσεται τὸ ἀπόκλιμα, ὅπου δὲ ὡροσκόπος ἡ ἐπαναφορά, παρὰ τὴν τῶν τόπων ἐπιφάνειαν, ὄντων ἢ ταπεινοτέρων ἢ ὑψηλοτέρων: ὥστε καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος οὐκ ἀκριβὴς φανήσεται ἡ προαγόρευσις, πολλῶν κατὰ πάντα τὸν κόσμον τῇ αὐτῇ ὥρᾳ γεννωμένων, ἄλλου ἄλλως τὰ ἄστρα θεωροῦντος. ματαία δὲ καὶ ἡ διὰ τῶν ὑ[δρι]ῶν νομιζομένη κατάληψις: οὐ γὰρ ὁμοίως ἀμφορεὺς τὸ [κάτω τρη]θεὶς ῥυήσεται πλήρης ὢν ὡς ἀπόκενος, αὐτοῦ τοῦ πόλου κατὰ [τὸν] ἐκείνων λόγον ἐνὶ ὁρμήματι ἰσοταχῶς φερομένου. Εἰ δὲ ἀναστρέψαντες λέγοιεν μὴ τὸν ἀκριβῆ χρόνον λαμβάνειν ἀλλ' ὡς ἔτυχεν [καὶ] ἐν πλάτει, σχεδὸν ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἐλεγχθήσονται τῶν ἀποτελεσμάτων: οἱ γὰρ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ χρόνῳ γεννηθέντες οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν ἔζησαν βίον, ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν λόγου χάριν ἐβασίλευσαν, οἱ δὲ ἐν πέδαις κατεγήρασαν. οὐθεὶς γοῦν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τῷ Μακεδόνι γέγονεν ἴσος, πολλῶν κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὁμοίως ἀποτεχθέντων αὐτῷ, οὐθεὶς Πλάτωνι τῷ φιλοσόφῳ. ὥστε τὸν ἐν πλάτει τῆς γενέσεως χρόνον [σκοπῶν] ὁ Χαλδαῖος ἀκριβῶς οὐ δυνήσεται λέγειν εἰ [ὁ] κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον γεννηθεὶς εὐτυχήσει: πολλοὶ γὰρ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον γεννηθέντες ἐδυστύχησαν. ὥστε ματαία καὶ ἡ κατὰ τὰ διαθέματα ὁμοιότης. διαφόρως οὖν καὶ πολυτρόπως τὴν ματαιόπονον σκέψιν τῶν Χαλδαίων διελέγξαντες, οὐδὲ τοῦτο παραλείψομεν ὡς εἰς ἄπορον χωρήσουσιν αἱ προρρήσεις αὐτοῖς. εἰ γὰρ τὸν ἐν τῇ ἀκίδι τοῦ Τοξ[ότ]ου γεννηθέντα, ὡς οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λέγουσιν, ἀνάγκη σφαγήσεσθαι, πῶς αἱ τοσαῦται τῶν βαρβάρων μυριάδες ἀγωνιζόμεναι πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐν Μαραθῶνι ἢ Σαλαμῖνι ὑφ' ἓν κατεσφάγησαν; οὐ γὰρ δή γε ἐπὶ πάντων [ὁ] αὐτὸς ἦν ὡροσκόπος. καὶ πάλιν [εἰ] τὸν ἐν τῇ κάλπῃ τοῦ Ὑδροχόου γεννηθέντα ναυαγήσειν, πῶς οἱ ἀπὸ Τροίας ἀναγόμενοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων περὶ τὰ κοῖλα τῆς Εὐβοίας συγκατεποντίσθησαν; ἀπίθανον γὰρ πάντας μακρῷ χρόνῳ διαφέροντας ἀλλήλων ἐν τῇ κάλπῃ τοῦ Ὑδροχόου γεγεννῆσθαι. οὐ γὰρ ἔστι λέγειν ὅτι δι' ἕνα πολλάκις, ᾧ εἵμαρται κατὰ πέλαγος φθαρῆναι, πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ νηῒ συναπολοῦνται: διὰ τί γὰρ ἡ τούτου εἱμαρμένη τὰς πάντων νικᾷ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ διὰ τὸν [ἕνα] ᾧ εἵμαρται ἐπὶ γῆς τελευτᾶν πάντες περισῴζονται;