Against Lying.

 1. A great deal for me to read hast thou sent, my dearest brother Consentius: a great deal for me to read: to the which while I am preparing an answer

 2. Perceivest thou not how much this reasoning aideth the very persons whom as great game we make ado to catch by our lies? For, as thyself hast shown

 3. Which sentence dishonoreth the holy Martyrs, nay rather taketh away holy martyrdoms altogether. For they would do more justly and wisely, according

 4. Of lies are many sorts, which indeed all, universally, we ought to hate. For there is no lie that is not contrary to truth. For, as light and darkn

 5. Well then, let us set before our eyes a cunning spy as he makes up to the person whom he has already perceived to be a Priscillianist he begins wi

 6. It remains, then, that what the Priscillianists think, according to the nefarious falsity of their heresy, of God, of the soul, of the body, and th

 7. And, what is more miserable, even they, already made as it were our own, cannot find how they may believe us. For if they suspect that even in the

 8. But now observe how more tolerable in comparison with us is the lying of the Priscillianists, when they know that they speak deceitfully: whom by o

 9. When therefore we teach ours to blaspheme God that the Priscillianists may believe them theirs, let us see what evil themselves say when they there

 10. Ever, my brother, in such cases, it behoves with fear to recollect, “Whoso shall deny Me before men, I will deny him before My Father which is in

 11. “But, hidden wolves,” thou wilt say, “clad in sheep’s clothing, and privily and grievously wasting the Lord’s flock, can we no otherwise find out.

 12. “But,” thou wilt say, “we more easily penetrate their concealment if we pretend to be ourselves what they are.” If this were lawful or expedient,

 13. Or haply is it so, that he who plots in this way to find out Priscillianists, denies not Christ, forasmuch as with his mouth he utters what with h

 14. Wherefore, that which is written, “Who speaketh the truth in his heart,” is not so to be taken, as if, truth being retained in the heart, in the m

 &gt 15. And as for that saying of the Apostle, “Putting away lying, speak every man truth with his neighbor, for we are members one of another,” far b

 16. For there were even in the Apostles’ times some who preached the truth not in truth, that is, not with truthful mind: of whom the Apostle saith th

 17. Wherefore, though there be indeed many ways in which latent heretics may be sought out, without vituperating the catholic faith or praising hereti

 18. It does indeed make very much difference, for what cause, with what end, with what intention a thing be done: but those things which are clearly s

 19. Some man will say, “So then any thief whatever is to be accounted equal with that thief who steals with will of mercy?” Who would say this? But of

 20. But, what must be confessed, to human minds certain compensative sins do cause such embarrassment, that they are even thought meet to be praised,

 21. If then to sin, that others may not commit a worse sin, either against us or against any, without doubt we ought not it is to be considered in th

 22. And to holy David indeed it might more justly be said, that he ought not to have been angry no, not with one however ungrateful and rendering evi

 23. But in all our doings, even good men are very greatly embarrassed in the matter of compensative sins so that these are not esteemed to be sins, i

 24. Touching Jacob, however, that which he did at his mother’s bidding, so as to seem to deceive his father, if with diligence and in faith it be atte

 25. Nor have I undertaken that in the present discourse, as it more pertains to thee, who hast laid open the hiding-places of the Priscillianists, so

 26. To show then that some things in the Scriptures which are thought to be lies are not what they are thought, if they be rightly understood, let it

 27. There are some things of this sort even of our Saviour in the Gospel, because the Lord of the Prophets deigned to be Himself also a Prophet. Such

 28. Hence is also that which thou hast mentioned that they speak of, that the Lord Jesus, after He was risen, walked in the way with two disciples an

 29. Because, therefore, lying heretics find not in the books of the New Testament any precedents of lying which are meet to be imitated, they esteem t

 30. But why do these persons think they may imitate Tamar telling a lie, and not think they may imitate Judah committing fornication? For there they h

 31. But he who says that some lies are just, must be judged to say no other than that some sins are just, and therefore some things are just which are

 32. But, as for that which is written, that God did good to the Hebrew midwives, and to Rahab the harlot of Jericho, this was not because they lied, b

 33. It remains then that we understand as concerning those women, whether in Egypt or in Jericho, that for their humanity and mercy they received a re

 34. But some man will say, Would then those midwives and Rahab have done better if they had shown no mercy, by refusing to lie? Nay verily, those Hebr

 35. Since these things are so, because it were too long to treat thoroughly of all that in that “Pound” of Dictinius are set down as precedents of lyi

 36. But for that we are men and among men do live, and I confess that I am not yet in the number of them whom compensative sins embarrass not, it oft

 37. Add to this, (and here is cause to cry out more piteously,) that, if once we grant it to have been right for the saving of that sick man’s life to

 38. But infirmity pleadeth its part, and with favor of the crowds proclaims itself to have a cause invincible. Where it contradicts, and says, “What w

 39. But, some man will say, “Strong meat is for them that are perfect.” For in many things a relaxation by way of indulgence is allowed to infirmity,

 40. But sometimes a peril to eternal salvation itself is put forth against us which peril, they cry out, we by telling a lie, if otherwise it cannot

 41. Either then we are to eschew lies by right doing, or to confess them by repenting: but not, while they unhappily abound in our living, to make the

18. It does indeed make very much difference, for what cause, with what end, with what intention a thing be done: but those things which are clearly sins, are upon no plea of a good cause, with no seeming good end, no alleged good intention, to be done. Those works, namely of men, which are not in themselves sins, are now good, now evil, according as their causes are good or evil; as, to give food to a poor man is a good work, if it be done because of pity, with right faith; as to lie with a wife, when it is done for the sake of generation, if it be done with faith to beget subjects for regeneration. These and the like works according to their causes are good or evil, because the self-same, if they have evil causes, are turned into sins: as, if for boasting sake a poor man is fed; or for lasciviousness a man lies with his wife; or children are begotten, not that they may be nurtured for God, but for the devil. When, however, the works in themselves are evil, such as thefts, fornications, blasphemies, or other such; who is there that will say, that upon good causes they may be done, so as either to be no sins, or, what is more absurd, just sins? Who is there that would say, That we may have to give to the poor, let us commit thefts upon the rich: or, Let us sell false witness, especially if innocent men are not hurt thereby, but rather guilty men are rescued from the judges who would condemn them? For two good things are done by selling of this lie, that money may be taken wherewith a poor man may be fed, and a judge deceived that a man be not punished. Even in the matter of wills, if we can, why not suppress the true, and forge false wills that inheritances or legacies may not come to unworthy persons, who do no good with them; but rather to those by whom the hungry are fed, the naked clothed, strangers entertained, captives redeemed, Churches builded? For why should not those evil things be done for the sake of these good things, if, for the sake of these good things, those are not evil at all? Nay, further, if lewd and rich women are likely to enrich moreover their lovers and paramours, why should not even these parts and arts be undertaken by a man of merciful heart, to use them for so good a cause as that he may have whence to bestow upon the needy; and not hear the Apostle saying, “Let him that stole steal no more, but rather let him labor, working with his hands that which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth?”23    Eph. iv. 28 If indeed not only theft itself, but also false witness and adultery and every evil work will be not evil but good, if it be done for the sake of being the means of doing good. Who can say these things, except one who endeavors to subvert human affairs and all manners and laws? For of what most heinous deed, what most foul crime, what most impious sacrilege, may it not be said that it is possible for it to be done rightly and justly; and not only with impunity, but even gloriously, that in perpetrating thereof not only no punishments should be feared, but there should be hope even of rewards: if once we shall concede in all evil works of men, that not what is done, but wherefore done, must be the question; and this, to the end that whatever are found to have been done for good causes, not even they should be judged to be evil? But if justice deservedly punisheth a thief, albeit he shall say and shew that he therefore withdrew superfluities from a rich that he might afford necessaries to a poor man; if deservedly she punisheth a forger, albeit he prove that he therefore corrupted another’s will, that he might be heir, who should thence make large alms, not he who should make none; if deservedly she punisheth an adulterer yea, though he shall demonstrate that of mercy he did commit adultery, that through her with whom he did it he might deliver a man from death; lastly, to draw nearer to the matter in question, if deservedly she punishment him who hath with that intent mixed in adulterous embrace with some woman, privy to the turpitude of the Priscillianists, that he might enter into their concealments; I pray thee, when the Apostle saith, “Neither yield ye your members instruments of unrighteousness unto sin;”24    Rom. vi. 13 and therefore neither hands, nor members of generation, nor other members, can it be right to yield unto flagitious deeds with intent that we may be able to find out Priscillanists; what hath our tongue, what our whole mouth, what the organ of the voice, offended us, that we should yield these as instruments to sin, and to so great a sin, in which, that we may apprehend and rescue Priscillianists from blaspheming in ignorance, we, without excuse of ignorance, are to blaspheme our God?

18. Interest quidem plurimum, qua causa, quo fine, qua intentione quid fiat: sed ea quae constat esse peccata, nullo bonae causae obtentu, nullo quasi bono fine, nulla velut bona intentione facienda sunt. Ea quippe opera hominum, sicut causas habuerint bonas, seu malas, nunc sunt bona, nunc mala, quae non sunt per se ipsa peccata: sicut victum praebere pauperibus, bonum opus est, si fit causa misericordiae cum recta fide; sicut concubitus conjugalis, quando fit causa generandi, si ea fide fiat ut gignantur regenerandi. Haec atque hujusmodi secundum suas causas opera sunt bona vel mala; quia eadem ipsa si habeant malas causas, in peccata vertuntur: velut si jactantiae causa pauper pascitur; aut lasciviae causa cum uxore concumbitur; aut filii generantur, non ut Deo, sed ut diabolo nutriantur. Cum vero jam opera ipsa peccata sunt, sicut furta, stupra, blasphemiae, vel caetera talia; quis est qui dicat causis bonis esse facienda, ut vel peccata non sint, vel, quod est absurdius, justa peccata sint? Quis est qui dicat: Ut habeamus quod demus pauperibus, faciamus furta divitibus; aut, testimonia falsa vendamus, maxime si non inde innocentes laeduntur, sed nocentes potius damnaturis judicibus eruuntur? Duo enim bona fiunt hujus venditione mendacii, ut et pecunia sumatur unde inops alatur, et judex fallatur ne homo puniatur. Testamenta etiam si possimus, cur non vera supprimimus, et falsa supponimus, ut haereditates vel legata non habeant indigni, qui nihil ex eis operantur boni; sed hi potius 0529 a quibus esurientes pascuntur, nudi vestiuntur, peregrini suscipiuntur, captivi redimuntur, ecclesiae construuntur? Cur enim non fiant illa mala propter haec bona, si propter haec bona nec illa sunt mala? Jamvero si aliquae immundae et divites feminae videantur amatores et stupratores suos insuper ditaturae; cur non et has partes atque artes suscipiat vir misericors, quibus pro tam bona causa utatur, ut habeat unde indigentibus largiatur; nec audiat Apostolum dicentem, Qui furabatur, jam non furetur; magis autem laboret operans manibus suis bonum, ut habeat unde tribuerecui opus est (Ephes. IV, 28)? Si quidem non solum ipsum furtum, verum etiam falsum testimonium, et adulterium, et omne opus malum non erit malum, sed bonum, si ea causa perpetretur, ut sit unde fiat bonum. Quis ista dicat, nisi qui res humanas omnesque conatur mores legesque subvertere? Quod enim sceleratissimum facinus, quod turpissimum flagitium, quod impiissimum sacrilegium non dicatur posse fieri recte atque juste; nec impune tantum, verum etiam gloriose, ut in eo perpetrando, non solum supplicia nulla timeantur, sed sperentur et praemia: si semel concesserimus in omnibus malis operibus hominum ideo non quid fiat, sed quare fiat esse quaerendum; ut quaecumque propter bonas causas facta inveniuntur, nec ipsa mala esse judicentur? At si justitia merito punit furem, etiam qui dixerit et ostenderit ideo se subtraxisse superflua diviti, ut praeberet necessaria pauperi; si merito punit falsarium, etiam qui se ideo testamentum alienum corrupisse docuerit, ut ille haeres esset qui facturus inde fuerat eleemosynas largas, non ille qui nullas; si merito punit adulterum, etiam qui demonstraverit misericordia se fecisse adulterium, ut per illam cum qua fecit, de morte hominem liberaret; postremo, ut ad rem de qua quaestio est propius accedamus, si merito punit eum qui feminae alicui Priscillianistarum turpitudinis consciae, propterea se adulterino concubitu miscuit, ut ad eorum latebras perveniret: obsecro te, cum dicat Apostolus, Nec exhibeatis membra vestra arma iniquitatis peccato (Rom. VI, 13); et ideo nec manus, nec corporis genitalia, nec alia membra flagitiis exhibere debeamus, ut Priscillianistas invenire possimus; quid nos lingua, quid totum os nostrum, quid organum vocis offendit, ut haec exhibeamus arma peccato, tantoque peccato, ubi Deum nostrum, ut Priscillianistas apprehensos ab ignorantiae blasphemiis eruamus , sine excusatione ignorantiae blasphememus?