CHAP. IV. ----Of the solecisms and poor style of Scripture. From Volume IV. of the Commentaries on the Gospel according to John, three or four pages from the beginning.

1. A reader who carefully distinguishes language, meaning, and things, on which the meaning is based, will not stumble at solecistic 139 expressions, if, on examination, he finds that the things are none the worse for the language in which they are clothed, particularly as the holy writers confess that their speech was not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power.140

Then, after speaking of the solecisms of the Gospel, he goes on to say:----

2. Inasmuch as the Apostles were not unconscious of their errors, nor unaware what the things were which concerned them, they say they are rude in speech, but not in knowledge:141 for we must believe that the other Apostles, as well as Paul, would have said so. Then there is the passage, "But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the exceeding greatness of the power may be of God, and not from ourselves";142 which we interpret of the treasure elsewhere described as the treasure of knowledge and hidden wisdom,143 and we take the "earthen vessels" in the sense of the ordinary, and, in Greek estimation, contemptible diction of the Scriptures, wherein the exceeding greatness of the power of God is really seen. For the mysteries of the truth and the force of what was said, in spite of the ordinary language, were strong enough to reach the ends of the earth, and bring into subjection to the word of Christ, not only the foolish things of the world, but sometimes also its wise ones.144 For we see what our calling is: not that it has no one wise after the flesh, but not many wise after the flesh. Nay more, Paul says that in proclaiming the Gospel 145 he owes the delivery of the Word not only to Barbarians but also to the Greeks, and not only to the foolish, who more easily give their assent, but also to the wise; for he was by God made sufficient to be a minister of the new covenant,146 and to use the demonstration of the Spirit and of power,147 so that the assent of believers may not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God. For had the Scripture been embellished with elegance of style and diction, like the masterpieces of Greek literature, one might perhaps have supposed that it was not the truth which got hold of men, but that the clear sequence of thought and the beauty of the language won the souls of the hearers, and caught them with guile.

[1] Περὶ σολοικισμῶν καὶ εὐτελοῦς φράσεως τῆς γραφῆς. ἐκ τοῦ δʹ τόμου τῶν εἰς τὸ κατὰ Ἰωάννην, μετὰ τρία φύλλα τῆς ἀρχῆς. Ὁ διαιρῶν παρ' ἑαυτῷ φωνὴν καὶ σημαινόμενα καὶ πράγματα, καθ' ὧν κεῖται τὰ σημαινόμενα, οὐ προσκόψει τῷ τῶν φωνῶν σολοικισμῷ, ἐπὰν ἐρευνῶν εὑρίσκῃ τὰ πράγματα, καθ' ὧν κεῖνται αἱ φωναὶ, ὑγιῆ: καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὰν ὁμολογῶσιν οἱ ἅγιοι ἄνδρες τὸν λόγον αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα οὐκ ἐν πειθοῖς σοφίας εἶναι λόγων, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως.
[2] Εἶτα εἰπὼν τὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦ σολοικισμὸν ἐπάγει: Ἅτε δὲ οὐκ ἀσυναίσθητοι τυγχάνοντες οἱ ἀπόστολοι τῶν ἐν οἷς προσκόπτουσι, καὶ περὶ ἃ οὐκ ἠσχόληνται, φασὶν ἰδιῶται εἶναι τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλ' οὐ τῇ γνώσει: νομιστέον γὰρ αὐτὸ οὐχ ὑπὸ Παύλου μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀποστόλων λέγεσθαι ἄν. ἡμεῖς δὲ καὶ τό: Ἔχομεν δὲ τὸν θησαυρὸν τοῦτον ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν, ἵνα ἡ ὑπερβολὴ τῆς δυνάμεως ᾖ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ μὴ ἐξ ἡμῶν: ἐξειλήφαμεν ὡς θησαυροῦ μὲν λεγομένου τοῦ ἀλλαχόσε θησαυροῦ τῆς γνώσεως καὶ σοφίας τῆς ἀποκρύφου, ὀστρακίνων δὲ σκευῶν τῆς εὐτελοῦς καὶ εὐκαταφρονήτου παρ' Ἕλλησι λέξεως τῶν γραφῶν ἀληθῶς ὑπερβολῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ θεοῦ ἐμφαινομένης: ὅτι ἴσχυσε τὰ τῆς ἀληθείας μυστήρια καὶ ἡ δύναμις τῶν λεγομένων οὐκ ἐμποδιζομένη ὑπὸ τῆς εὐτελοῦς φράσεως φθάσαι ἕως περάτων γῆς, καὶ ὑπαγαγεῖν τῷ Χριστοῦ λόγῳ οὐ μόνον τὰ μωρὰ τοῦ κόσμου, ἀλλ' ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ τὰ σοφὰ αὐτοῦ. βλέπομεν γὰρ τὴν κλῆσιν, οὐχ ὅτι οὐδεὶς σοφὸς κατὰ σάρκα, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐ πολλοὶ σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὀφειλέτης ἐστὶ Παῦλος καταγγέλλων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον οὐ μόνον βαρβάροις παραδιδόναι τὸν λόγον ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἕλλησι, καὶ οὐ μόνον ἀνοήτοις τοῖς εὐχερέστερον συγκατατιθεμένοις ἀλλὰ καὶ σοφοῖς: ἱκάνωτο γὰρ ὑπὸ θεοῦ διάκονος εἶναι τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης, χρώμενος ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως, ἵνα ἡ τῶν πιστευόντων συγκατάθεσις μὴ ᾖ ἐν σοφίᾳ ἀνθρώπων ἀλλ' ἐν δυνάμει θεοῦ. ἴσως γὰρ εἰ κάλλος καὶ περιβολὴν φράσεως, ὡς τὰ παρ' Ἕλλησι θαυμαζόμενα, εἶχεν ἡ γραφὴ, ὑπενόησεν ἄν τις οὐ τὴν ἀλήθειαν κεκρατηκέναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐμφαινομένην ἀκολουθίαν καὶ τὸ τῆς φράσεως κάλλος ἐψυχαγωγηκέναι τοὺς ἀκροωμένους, καὶ ἠπατηκὸς αὐτοὺς προσειληφέναι.