Chapter 75.—Augustin Adduces in Reply Some Other Passages of Ambrose.

I, too, will quote a passage out of this very work of St. Ambrose, from which our opponent has taken the statement which he deemed favourable for citation: “‘It seemed good to me,’” he says; “but what he declares seemed good to him cannot have seemed good to him alone. For it is not simply to his human will that it seemed good, but also as it pleased Him, even Christ, who, says he, speaketh in me, who it is that causes that which is good in itself to seem good to ourselves also. For him on whom He has mercy He also calls. He, therefore, who follows Christ, when asked why he wished to be a Christian, can answer: ‘It seemed good to me.’ In saying this he does not deny that it also pleased God; for from God proceeds the preparation of man’s will inasmuch as it is by God’s grace that God is honoured by His saint.”199    Ambrose on Luke i. 3. See now what your author must learn, if he takes pleasure in the words of Ambrose, how that man’s will is prepared by God, and that it is of no importance, or, at any rate, does not much matter, by what means or at what time the preparation is accomplished, provided no doubt is raised as to whether the thing itself be capable of accomplishment without the grace of Christ. Then, again, how important it was that he should observe one line from the words of Ambrose which he quoted! For after that holy man had said, “Inasmuch as the Church has been gathered out of the world, that is, out of sinful men, how can it be unpolluted when composed of such polluted material, except that, in the first place, it be washed of sins by the grace of Christ, and then, in the next place, abstain from sins through its nature of avoiding sin?”—he added the following sentence, which your author has refused to quote for a self-evident reason; for [Ambrose] says: “It was not from the first unpolluted, for that was impossible for human nature: but it is through God’s grace and nature that because it no longer sins, it comes to pass that it seems unpolluted.”200    Ambrose on Luke i. 6. Now who does not understand the reason why your author declined adding these words? It is, of course, so contrived in the discipline of the present life, that the holy Church shall arrive at last at that condition of most immaculate purity which all holy men desire; and that it may in the world to come, and in a state unmixed with anything of evil men, and undisturbed by any law of sin resisting the law of the mind, lead the purest life in a divine eternity. Still he should well observe what Bishop Ambrose says,—and his statement exactly tallies with the Scriptures: “It was not from the first unpolluted, for that condition was impossible for human nature.” By his phrase, “from the first,” he means indeed from the time of our being born of Adam. Adam no doubt was himself created immaculate; in the case, however, of those who are by nature children of wrath, deriving from him what in him was corrupted, he distinctly averred that it was an impossibility in human nature that they should be immaculate from the first.

75. Commemorabo et ego de hoc ipso opere sancti Ambrosii aliquid, ex quo iste commemoravit quod commemorandum putavit. «Visum est,» inquit, «mihi. Potest non soli visum esse, quod visum sibi esse declarat. Non enim voluntate tantum humana visum est, sed sicut placuit ei qui in me, inquit, loquitur Christus , qui ut id quod bonum est, nobis quoque bonum videri possit operatur. Quem enim miseratur, et vocat. Et ideo qui Christum sequitur, potest interrogatus cur esse voluerit christianus, respondere, Visum est mihi. Quod cum dicit, non negat Deo visum; a Deo enim praeparatur voluntas hominum: ut enim Deus honorificetur a sancto, Dei gratia est.» Ecce quid iste sapiat, si verbis Ambrosii delectatur, quod a Deo praeparatur voluntas hominum, et nulla, vel non magna quaestio est, quis vel quando perficiatur, dum tamen sine gratia Christi idipsum fieri posse minime dubitetur. Deinde quantum erat, ut attenderet iste unum versum de Ambrosii verbis quae posuit. Cum enim ille dixisset, «Nam cum Ecclesia ex gentibus, hoc est, ex peccatoribus congregata sit, quomodo ex maculatis immaculata potest esse, nisi primo per Christi gratiam, quod abluta delicto sit; deinde, quod per qualitatem non peccandi abstineat a delictis?» Ille addidit, quod iste apparet cur addere noluerit: ait namque ille, «Nec ab initio immaculata; humanae enim hoc impossibile naturae: sed per Dei gratiam et qualitatem sui, quia jam non peccat, fit ut immaculata videatur» (Ambrosius, in Lucae caput 1). Haec verba, iste cur non addiderit, quis non intelligat? Hoc agitur utique nunc in hoc 0285 saeculo, ut ad istam, quam omnes sancti cupiunt, immaculatissimam puritatem Ecclesia sancta perveniat, quae in futuro saeculo neque aliquo malorum hominum sibi permixto, neque aliqua in se lege peccati resistente legi mentis, ducat mundissimam vitam in aeternitate divina. Tamen attendat iste quid secundum Scripturas Ambrosius episcopus dixerit, «Nec ab initio immaculata; humanae enim hoc impossibile naturae.» Utique enim ab initio dicit, quo ex Adam nascimur. Nam et ipse Adam immaculatus procul dubio factus est: sed in eis qui sunt natura filii irae, ducentes ex illo quod vitiatum est in illo, ab initio esse immaculatos, humanae naturae impossibile definivit.