Homily XLVII.

Acts XXI. 39, 40

“But Paul said, I am a man which am a Jew of Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city: and I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people. And when he had given him license, Paul stood on the stairs, and beckoned with the hand unto the people. And when there was made a great silence, he spake unto them in the Hebrew tongue, saying.”

Observe how, when he discourses to those that are without, he does not decline availing himself of the aids afforded by the laws. Here he awes the tribune by the name of his city. And again, elsewhere he said, “Openly, uncondemned, Romans as we are, they have cast us into prison.” (ch. xix. 37.) For since the tribune said, “Art thou that Egyptian?” he immediately drew him off from that surmise: then, that he may not be thought to deny his nation, he says at once, “I am a Jew:” he means his religion.1062    Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ νομισθῆ τὸ ἔθνος ᾽Ιουδαῖος, λέγει τὴν θρησκείαν· καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ἔννομον ἑαυτὸν Χριστοῦ καλεῖ. Τί (A. B. C. add οὖν, Cat. δὴ) τοῦτο ἐστιν; (Mod. text adds, Παῦλος ψεύδεται; ῎Απαγε) Τί οὖν; οὐκ ἠρνήσατο; κ. τ. λ. The sense is confused by omission and transposition. It seems to be this: He gives the tribune to understand that he is a Roman: but because he would not have the Jews to suppose that he was not a Jew, therefore he declares his religion, that he is a Jew. And herein was no denial of his Christianity, etc. See below on v. 3, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν νομίσωσι τὸ ἔθνος ἄλλο, τὴν θρησκείαν ἐπήγαγεν. Hence we restore the sense as in the text.—Œcumen. gives it, “He immediately drew him off from this surmise, και τὸ ἔθνος καὶ τὴν θρησκείαν εἰπών, as in fact he elsewhere calls himself, Under the law to Christ.” (b) What then? he did not deny (that he was a Christian): God forbid: for he was both a Jew and a Christian, observing what things he ought: since indeed he, most of all men, did obey the law: (a) as in fact he elsewhere calls himself, “Under the law to Christ.” (1 Cor. ix. 21.) What is this, I pray? (c) The man1063    Mod. text omits the article. ῾Ο τῷ Χριστῷ πιστεύων, as we take it, is the answer to the question, τί δὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν; In the next sentence (which Edd. separate from this only by a comma) he says: in the same sense he calls himself and Peter, φύσει ᾽Ιουδαῖοι, “born Jews (not proselytes,) and Jews still.” But Ammonius in the Catena: “I am a man which am a Jew: for we Christians are φύσει ᾽Ιουδαῖοι, as confessing the true faith: which is what the name Judah signifies.” that believes in Christ. And when discoursing with Peter, he says: “We, Jews by nature.—But I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people.” (Gal. ii. 15.) And this is a proof, that he does not speak lies, seeing he takes all as his witnesses. Observe again how mildly he speaks. This again is a very strong argument that he is chargeable with no crime, his being so ready to make his defence, and his wishing to come to discourse with the people of the Jews. See a man well-prepared (τεταγμένον ἄνδρα)!—Mark the providential ordering of the thing: unless the tribune had come, unless he had bound him, he would not have desired to speak for his defence, he would not have obtained the silence he did. “Standing on the stairs.” Then there was the additional facility afforded by the locality, that he should have a high place to harangue them from—in chains too! What spectacle could be equal to this, to see Paul, bound with two chains, and haranguing the people! (To see him,) how he was not a whit perturbed, not a whit confused; how, seeing as he did so great a multitude all hostility against him, the ruler standing by, he first of all made them desist from their anger: then, how prudently (he does this). Just what he does in his Epistle to the Hebrews, the same he does here: first he attracts them by the sound of their common mother tongue: then by his mildness itself. “He spake unto them,” it says, “in the Hebrew tongue, saying, Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto you.” (ch. xxii. 1.) Mark his address, at once so free from all flattery, and so expressive of meekness. For he says not, “Masters,” nor “Lords,” but, “Brethren,” just the word they most liked: “I am no alien from. you,” he says, nor “against you.” “Men,” he says, “brethren, and fathers:” this, a term of honor, that of kindred. “Hear ye,” says he, “my”—he says not, “teaching,” nor “harangue,” but, “my defence which I now make unto you.” He puts himself in the posture of a suppliant. “And when they heard that he spake in the Hebrew tongue to them, they kept the more silence.” (v. 2.) Do you observe how the using the same tongue subdued them? In fact, they had a sort of awe for that language. Observe also how he prepares the way for his discourse, beginning thus: “I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, yet brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers, and was zealous toward God, as ye all are this day.” (v. 3.) “I am a man,” he says, “which am a Jew:” which thing they liked most of all to hear; “born in Tarsus, a city of Cilicia.” That they may not again think him to be of another nation, he adds his religion: “but brought up in this city.” (p. 282, note 4.) He shows how great was his zeal for the worship, inasmuch as having left his native city, which was so great and so remote too, he chose to be brought up here for the Law’s sake. See how from the beginning he attached himself to the law.1064    The whole purpose of Paul’s defence here is to appease the prejudice against him as an apostate from Moses. He addresses the people of Jerusalem in their own tongue and as “brethren.” He shows them that although born in a Greek city, he had received his education in Jerusalem, under one of their most famous Rabbis. He sketches his history as a zealous adherent of Judaism. After his conversion he did not desert the religion of his fathers. It was while praying in the temple that the call of God came to him which summoned him to go as an apostle to the Gentiles. From this apology, it would be seen how far Paul was from despising the Mosaic law and also, how manifestly providential had been the call by which he had been set apart to a distinct work among the Gentiles. It is a guarded defence which neither antagonizes the law, nor admits its binding force over the apostle or his converts. But this he says, not only to defend himself to them, but to show that not by human intent was he led to the preaching of the Gospel, but by a Divine power: else, having been so educated, he would not have suddenly changed. For if indeed he had been one of the common order of men, it might have been reasonable to suspect this: but if he was of the number of those who were most of all bound by the law, it was not likely that he should change lightly, and without strong necessity. But perhaps some one may say: “To have been brought up here proves nothing: for what if thou camest here for the purpose of trading, or for some other cause?” Therefore he says, “at the feet of Gamaliel:” and not simply, “by Gamaliel,” but “at his feet,” showing his perseverance, his assiduity, his zeal for the hearing, and his great reverence for the man. “Taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers.” Not simply, “the law,” but “the law of the fathers;” showing that he was such from the beginning, and not merely one that knew the Law. All this seems indeed to be spoken on their side, but in fact it told against them, since he, knowing the law, forsook it. “Yes: but what if thou didst indeed know the law accurately, but dost not vindicate it, no, nor love it?” “Being a zealot,” he adds: not simply (one that knew it). Then, since it was a high encomium he had passed upon himself, he makes it theirs as well as his, adding, “As ye all are this day.” For he shows that they act not from any human object, but from zeal for God; gratifying them, and preoccupying their minds, and getting a hold upon them in a way that did no harm. Then he brings forward proofs also, saying, “and I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women. As also the high priest doth bear me witness, and all the estate of the elders” (v. 4, 5): “How does this appear.” As witnesses he brings forward the high-priest himself and the elders. He says indeed, “Being a zealot, as ye” (Hom. xix. p. 123): but he shows by his actions, that he went beyond them. “For I did not wait for an opportunity of seizing them: I both stirred up the priests, and undertook journeys: I did not confine my attacks, as ye did, to men, I extended them to women also: “both binding, and casting into prisons both men and women.”

This testimony is incontrovertible; the (unbelief) of the Jews (is left) without excuse. See how many witnesses he brings forward, the elders, the high-priest, and those in the city. Observe his defence, how it is not of cowardly fear (for himself, that he pleads), no, but for teaching and indoctrination. For had not the hearers been stones, they would have felt the force of what he was saying. For up to this point he had themselves as witnesses: the rest, however, was without witnesses: “From whom also I received letters unto the brethren, and went to Damascus, to bring them which were there bound unto Jerusalem, for to be punished. And it came to pass, that, as I made my journey, and was come nigh unto Damascus about noon, suddenly there shone from heaven a great light round about me. And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me? And I answered, Who are Thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, Whom thou persecutest.” (v. 6, 7, 8.) Why then, these very things ought to have been held worthy of credit, from those that went before: otherwise he would not have undergone such a revolution. How if he is only making a fine story of it, say you? Answer me, Why did he suddenly fling away all this zeal? Because he looked for honor? And yet he got just the contrary. But an easy life, perhaps? No, nor that either. Well but something else? Why it is not in the power of thought to invent any other object. So then, leaving it to themselves to draw the inference, he narrates the facts. “As I came nigh,” he says, “unto Damascus, about noonday.” See how great was the excess of the light. What if he is only making a fine story, say you? Those who were with him are witnesses, who led him by the hand, who saw the light. “And they that were with me saw indeed the light, and were afraid; but they heard not the voice of Him that spake to me.” (v. 9.) But in another place he says, “Hearing the voice, but seeing no man.” (Acts ix. 7.) It is not at variance: no, there were two voices, that of Paul and the Lord’s voice: in that place, the writer means Paul’s voice (Hom. xix. p. 124, note 2); as in fact (Paul) here adds, “The voice of Him that spake unto me. Seeing no man:” he does not say, that they did not see the light: but, “no man,” that is, “none speaking.” And good reason that it should be so, since it behooved him alone to have that voice vouchsafed unto him. For if indeed they also had heard it, (the miracle) would not have been so great. Since persons of grosser minds are persuaded more by sight, those saw the light, and were afraid. In fact, neither did the light take so much effect on them, as it did on him: for it even blinded his eyes: by that which befel him, (God) gave them also an opportunity of recovering their sight, if they had the mind. It seems to me at least, that their not believing was providentially ordered, that they might be unexceptionable witnesses. “And he said unto me” it says, “I am Jesus of Nazareth, Whom thou persecutest.” (comp. ch. ix. 5.) Well is the name of the city (Nazareth) also added, that they might recognize (the Person): moreover, the Apostles also spoke thus. (ch. ii. 22; iv. 10; x. 38.) And Himself bore witness, that they were persecuting Him. “And they that were with me saw indeed the light, and were afraid, but they heard not the voice of Him that spake to me. And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord said unto me, Arise, and go into Damascus; and there it shall be told thee of all things which are appointed for thee to do. And when I could not see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of them that were with me, I came into Damascus. And one Ananias, a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews which dwelt there, came unto me, and stood, and said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And the same hour I looked up upon him. Enter into the city,” it says, “and there it shall be spoken to thee of all that is appointed for thee to do.” (v. 10–13.) Lo! again another witness. And see how unexceptionable he makes him also. “And one Ananias,” he says, “a devout man according to the law,”—so far is it from being anything alien!—“having a good report of all the Jews that dwelt” (there). “And I in the same hour received sight.” Then follows the testimony borne by the facts. Observe how it is interwoven, of persons and facts; and the persons, both of their own and of aliens: the priests, the elders, and his fellow-travellers: the facts, what he did and what was done to him: and facts bear witness to facts, not persons only. Then Ananias, an alien;1065    Perhaps it should be, “And he too, not an alien:” viz. being a “devout man according to the Law:” as above, he says of Ananias, οὕτως οὐδὲν ἀλλότριόν ἐστι. then the fact itself, the recovery of sight; then a great prophecy. “And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou shouldest know His will, and see That Just One.” (v. 14.) It is well said, “Of the fathers,” to show that they were not Jews, but aliens from the law, and that it was not from zeal (for the law) that they were acting. “That thou shouldest know His will.” Why then His will is this. See how in the form of narrative it is teaching. “And see That Just One, and hear the voice of His mouth. For thou shalt be His witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard. And see,” he says, “that Just One.” (v. 15.) For the present he says no more than this: if He is Just, they are guilty. “And hear the voice of His mouth.” See how high he raises the fact! “For thou shalt be His witness—for this, because thou wilt not betray the sight and hearing (i.e. “prove false to”)—“both of what thou hast seen, and of what thou hast heard:” by means of both the senses he claims his faith, fulness—“to all men. And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on His name.” (v. 16.) Here it is a great thing he has uttered. For he said not, “Be baptized in His name:” but, “calling on the name of Christ.” It shows that He is God: since it is not lawful to “call upon” any other, save God. Then he shows also, that he himself was not compelled: for, “I said,” says he, “What must I do?” Nothing is (left) without witness: no; he brings forward the witness of a whole city, seeing they had beheld him led by the hand. But see the prophecy fulfilled. “To all men,” it is said. For he did become a witness to Him, and a witness as it ought to be; by what he suffered, by what he did, and by what he said. Such witnesses ought we also to be, and not to betray the things we have been entrusted withal: I speak not only of doctrines, but also of the manner of life.

For observe: because he had seen, because he had heard, he bears witness to all men, and nothing hindered him. We too bear witness (Mod. text “have heard”) that there is a Resurrection and numberless good things: we are bound to bear witness of this to all men. “Yes, and we do bear witness,” you will say, “and do believe.” How; when ye act the contrary? Say now: if any one should call himself a Christian, and then having apostatized should hold with the Jews, would this testimony suffice? By no means: for men would desire the testimony which is borne by the actions. Just so, if we say that there is a Resurrection and numberless good things, and then despise those things and prefer the things here, who will believe us? Not what we say, but what we do, is what all men look to. “Thou shalt be a witness,” it says, “unto all men:” not only to the friendly, but also to the unbelievers: for this is what witnesses are for; not to persuade those who know, but those who know not. Let us be trustworthy witnesses. But how shall we be trustworthy? By the life we lead. The Jews assaulted him: our passions assault us, bidding us abjure our testimony. But let us not obey them: we are witnesses from God. (Christ) is judged that He is not God:1066    Κρίνεται παῤ ἀνθρώποις (τισὶν ὁ Θεὸς add. mod. text) ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι Θεός. The subject, not expressed, is Christ. He is brought before the bar of men’s judgment for trial whether He be God: so below τοὺς δικάζοντας. He has sent us to bear witness to Him. Let us bear witness and persuade those who have to decide the point: if we do not bear witness, we have to answer for their error also. But if in a court of justice, where worldly matters come in question, nobody would receive a witness full of numberless vices, much less here, where such (and so great) are the matters to be considered. We say, that we have heard Christ, and that we believe the things which He has promised: Show it, say they, by your works: for your life bears witness of the contrary—that ye do not believe. Say, shall we look at the money-getting people, the rapacious, the covetous? the people that mourn and wail, that build and busy themselves in all sorts of things, as though they were never to die? “Ye do not believe that ye shall die, a thing so plain and evident: and how shall we believe you when ye bear witness?” For there are, there are many men, whose state of mind is just as if they were not to die. For when in a lengthened old age they set about building and planting, when will they take death into their calculations? It will be no small punishment to us that we were called to bear witness, but were not able to bear witness of the things that we have seen. We have seen Angels with our eyes, yea, more clearly than those who have (visibly) beheld them. We shall be (Mod. text “Then let us be”) witnesses to Christ: for not those only are “martyrs,” (or witnesses, whom we so call), but ourselves also. This is why they are called martyrs, because when bidden to abjure (the faith), they endure all things, that they may speak the truth: and we, when we are bidden by our passions to abjure, let us not be overcome. Gold saith: Say that Christ is not Christ. Then listen not to it as to God, but despise its biddings. The evil lusts1067    Mod. text adds: “say the same: but be not thou seduced, but stand nobly that it may not be said of us also, They profess,” etc. “profess that they know God, but in works they deny Him.” (Tit. i. 16.) For this is not to witness, but the contrary. And indeed that others should deny (Him) is nothing wonderful: but that we who have been called to bear witness should deny Him, is a grievous and a heinous thing: this of all things does the greatest hurt to our cause. “It shall be to (your)selves for a testimony.” (Luke xxi. 13), He saith: but (this is) when we ourselves stand to it firmly. If we would all bear witness to Christ, we should quickly persuade the greater number of the heathen. It is a great thing, my beloved, the life (one leads). Let a man be savage as a beast, let him openly condemn thee on account of thy doctrine,1068    Κἂν φανερῶς οὐ καταγινώσκῃ (B. C. -ει) διὰ το δόγμα, αλλ᾽ ἀποδέχεται κ. τ. λ. Ben. retains this, in the sense, saltem aperte non damnabit propter dogma: taking κἂν in different senses in this and the former clause. Ed. Par. Ben. 2, Legendum videtur φανερῶς οὖν καταγ. Licet sit quispiam valde efferus, licet aperte ob dogma condemnet, at clam etc. Erasm. Etiam si per dogma non condemnetur. The emendation is sure and easy: κἂν φανερῶς ΣΟΥ καταγινώσκῃ. So below, Πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ καταγινώσκοντες αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ δόγμα, αἰδοῦνται δια τον βίον. yet he secretly approves, yet he will praise, yet he will admire. For say, whence can an excellent life proceed? From no source, except from a Divine Power working in us. “What if there be heathen also of such a character?” If anywhere any of them be such, it is partly from nature, partly from vainglory. Wilt thou learn what a brilliancy there is in a good life, what a force of persuasion it has? Many of the heretics have thus prevailed, and while their doctrines are corrupt, yet the greater part of men out of reverence for their (virtuous) life did not go on to examine their doctrine: and many even condemning them on account of their doctrine, reverence them on account of their life: not rightly indeed, but still so it is, that they do thus feel (towards them). This has brought slanders on the awful articles of our creed, this has turned everything upside down, that no one takes any account of good living: this is a mischief to the faith. We say that Christ is God; numberless other arguments we bring forward, and this one among the rest, that He has persuaded all men to live rightly: but this is the case with few. The badness of the life is a mischief to the doctrine of the Resurrection, to that of the immortality of the soul, to that of the Judgment: many other (false doctrines) too it draws on with itself, fate, necessity, denial of a Providence. For the soul being immersed in numberless vices, by way of consolations to itself tries to devise these, that it may not be pained in having to reflect that there is a Judgment, and that virtue and vice lie in our own power. (Such a) life works numberless evils, it makes men beasts, and more irrational than beasts: for what things are in each several nature of the beasts, these it has often collected together in one man, and turned everything upside down. This is why the devil has brought in the doctrine of Fate: this is why he has said that the world is without a Providence (Hom. ii. p. 15): this is why he advances his hypothesis of good natures, and evil natures, and his hypothesis of evil (uncreated and) without beginning, and material (in its essence): and, in short, all the rest of it, that he may ruin our life. For it is not possible for a man who is of such a life either to recover himself from corrupt doctrines, or to remain in a sound faith: but of inevitable necessity he must receive all this. For I do not think, for my part, that of those who do not live aright, there could be easily found any who do not hold numberless satanical devices—as, that there is a nativity (or birth-fate) (γένεσις), that things happen at random, that all is hap-hazard and chance-medley. Wherefore I beseech you let us have a care for good living, that we may not receive evil doctrines. Cain received for punishment that he should be (ever) groaning and trembling. (Gen. iv. 14.) Such are the wicked, and being conscious within themselves of numberless bad things, often they start out of their sleep, their thoughts are full of tumult, their eyes full of perturbation; everything is fraught for them with misgivings, everything alarms them, their soul is replete with grievous expectation and cowardly apprehension, contracted with impotent fear and trembling. Nothing can be more effeminate than such a soul, nothing more inane.1069    Old text ἐξηχότερον: a word unknown to the Lexicons, and of doubtful meaning. If we could suppose a comparative of the perfect participle in κως (analogous to the comparison of ἐρρωμένος and ἄσμενος), ἐξεστηκότερον would suit the sense very well: but such a form seems to be quite unexampled.—Mod. text ἀνοητότερον. Then: “Even as madmen have no self-possession, so this has no self-possession. When therefore is this to come to consciousness of itself, having such a dizziness; which it were well,” etc. Like madmen, it has no self-possession. For it were well for it that in the enjoyment of calm and quiet it were enabled to take knowledge of its proper nobility. But when all things terrify and throw it into perturbation, dreams, and words, and gestures, and forebodings, indiscriminately, when will it be able to look into itself, being thus troubled and amazed? Let us therefore do away with its fear, let us break asunder its bonds. For were there no other punishment, what punishment could exceed this—to be living always in fear, never to have confidence, never to be at ease? Therefore knowing these things assuredly, let us keep ourselves in a state of calm and be careful to practise virtue, that maintaining both sound doctrines and an upright life, we may without offence pass through this life present, and be enabled to attain unto the good things which God hath promised to them that love Him, through the grace and mercy of His only-begotten Son, with Whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost together be glory, might, honor, now and ever, world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΜΖʹ. Εἶπε δὲ ὁ Παῦλος: Ἐγώ εἰμι ἄνθρωπος Ἰουδαῖος, Ταρσεὺς τῆς Κιλικίας, οὐκ ἀσήμου πόλεως πολί της: δέομαι δέ σου, ἐπίτρεψόν μοι λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λαόν. Ἐπιτρέψαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ, ὁ Παῦλος ἑστὼς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀναβαθμῶν κατέσεισε τῇ χειρὶ τὸν λαόν. Πολλῆς δὲ σιγῆς γενομένης, προσεφώνησε τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ, λέγων. αʹ. Ὅρα αὐτὸν, ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω διαλέγηται, οὐ παραιτούμενον καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν νόμων κεχρῆσθαι βοηθήμασιν. Ἐνταῦθα αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐντρέπει. Οὕτω καὶ ἔμπροσθεν ἔλεγε: Τύψαντες ἡμᾶς δημοσίᾳ ἀκατακρίτους ἀνθρώπους, Ῥωμαίους ὑπάρχοντας, ἔβαλον εἰς φυλακήν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐπυνθάνετο, Σὺ εἶ ὁ Αἰγύπτιος; Ἐγώ εἰμι, φησὶν, ἄνθρωπος Ἰουδαῖος. Οὕτως εἰπὼν, εὐθέως αὐτὸν ταύτης ἀπήγαγε τῆς ὑποψίας. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ νομισθῇ τὸ ἔθνος Ἰουδαῖος, λέγει τὴν θρησκείαν: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ἔννομον ἑαυτὸν Χριστοῦ καλεῖ. Τί τοῦτό ἐστι; Παῦλος ψεύδεται; Ἄπαγε. Τί οὖν; οὐκ ἠρνήσατο; Μὴ γένοιτο: Ἰουδαῖος γὰρ ἦν καὶ Χριστιανὸς ὅσα ἔδει φυλάττων, ἐπεὶ καὶ τῷ νόμῳ μάλιστα πάντων αὐτὸς ἐπείθετο, τῷ Χριστῷ πιστεύων, καὶ πρὸς Πέτρον διαλεγόμενός φησιν: Ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι. Δέομαι δέ σου, ἐπίτρεψόν μοι λαλῆσαι πρὸς τὸν λαόν. Καὶ τοῦτο τεκμήριον, ὅτι οὐ ψεύδεται, εἴ γε πάντας ἐπήγετο μάρτυρας. Σκόπει αὐτὸν πάλιν μετὰ ἐπιεικείας διαλεγόμενον. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ τεκμήριον πάλιν μέγιστον τοῦ μηδενὸς εἶναι ὑπεύθυνον, τὸ οὕτως ἕτοιμον εἶναι πρὸς ἀπολογίαν, καὶ βούλεσθαι εἰς λόγον καταστῆναι τῷ δήμῳ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὅρα τεταγμένον ἄνδρα, ὅρα οἰκονομίαν: εἰ μὴ χιλίαρχος ἦλθεν, εἰ μὴ ἔδησεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐδεήθη λόγου πρὸς ἀπολογίαν, οὐκ ἂν τοσαύτης ἀπέλαυσε σιγῆς. Ἐπιτρέψαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ, ὁ Παῦλος ἑστὼς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀναβαθμῶν. Καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου πολλὴ ἡ εὐκολία, τὸ καὶ ὑψηλὸν ὄντα δημηγορεῖν καὶ δεδεμένον. Τί τούτου ἴσον τοῦ θεάματος, δυσὶν ἁλύσεσι δεδεμένον ἰδεῖν Παῦλον δημηγοροῦντα; πῶς οὐκ ἐταράχθη, πῶς οὐ συνεχύθη, τοσοῦτον δῆμον ἐκπεπολεμωμένον ὁρῶν τοῦ ἄρχοντος ἐφεστῶτος; Πρότερον ἀπέστησεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ θυμοῦ, εἶτα διαλέγεται: καὶ ὅρα πῶς φρονίμως. Ὅπερ γὰρ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἑβραίους ἐπιστολῇ ἐποίησε, τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα: πρῶτον τῇ συγγενείᾳ τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοὺς ἐπισπᾶται: εἶτα αὐτῷ τῷ ἡμέρῳ: διὸ καὶ τοῦτο δηλῶν ἐπάγει: Πολλῆς δὲ σιγῆς γενομένης, προσεφώνησε, φησὶ, τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ λέγων: Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, ἀκούσατέ μου τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς νῦν ἀπολογίας. Ὅρα καὶ κολακείας ἀπηλλαγμένον τὸν λόγον καὶ τὸ ἐπιεικὲς ἔχοντα. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Δεσπόται, οὐδὲ Κύριοι, ἀλλὰ, Ἀδελφοί: ὃ μάλιστα ἐπόθουν, ὡσεὶ ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἀλλότριος ὑμῶν ἐγὼ, οὐδὲ καθ' ὑμῶν. Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, φησί. Τοῦτο τιμῆς, ἐκεῖνο γνησιότητος. Ἀκούσατέ μου τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς νῦν ἀπολογίας. Οὐκ εἶπε, Διδασκαλίας, οὐδὲ, Δημηγορίας, ἀλλὰ, Ἀπολογίας: ἐν τάξει ἱκέτου ἑαυτὸν καθίστησιν. Ἀκούσαντες δὲ, ὅτι τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ προσεφώνει αὐτοῖς, μᾶλλον παρέσχον ἡσυχίαν. Ὁρᾷς, πῶς αὐτοὺς εἷλε τὸ ὁμόφωνον; εἶχον γάρ τινα αἰδῶ πρὸς τὴν γλῶτταν ἐκείνην. Ὅρα δὲ καὶ πῶς προοδοποιεῖ τῷ λόγῳ οὕτως ἀρχόμενος καὶ λέγων: Ἐγὼ μέν εἰμι ἀνὴρ Ἰουδαῖος, γεγεννημένος ἐν Ταρσῷ τῆς Κιλικίας, ἀνατεθραμμένος ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλου, πεπαιδευμένος δὲ κατὰ ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου, ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον. Ἐγὼ μέν εἰμι, φησὶν, ἀνὴρ Ἰουδαῖος: ὃ μάλιστα πάντων ἐπόθουν ἀκοῦσαι. Γεγεννημένος ἐν Ταρσῷ τῆς Κιλικίας. Ἵνα μὴ πάλιν νομίσωσι τὸ ἔθνος ἄλλο, τὴν θρησκείαν ἐπήγαγεν. Ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ. Τὴν πολλὴν αὐτοῦ δείκνυσι σπουδὴν τὴν περὶ τὴν λατρείαν, ὅπου γε καὶ πατρίδα τηλικαύτην ἀφεὶς τοσοῦτον ἀφεστῶσαν, ἐνταῦθα εἵλετο τραφῆναι διὰ τὸν νόμον. Ὅρα πῶς ἄνωθεν προσεῖχε τῷ νόμῳ. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐ πρὸς ἐκείνους ἀπολογούμενος μόνον φησὶν, ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνῳ σκοπῷ πρὸς τὸ κήρυγμα ἤχθη, ἀλλὰ θείᾳ δυνάμει: οὐ γὰρ ἂν οὕτω πεπαιδευμένος ἀθρόον μετέστη. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν τις τῶν πολλῶν, εἰκὸς ἦν τοῦτο ὑποπτεῦσαι: εἰ δὲ τῶν μάλιστα πάντων κατεχομένων ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου, οὐκ ἦν εἰκὸς ἁπλῶς καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς ἀνάγκης ἰσχυρᾶς οὔσης μεταθέσθαι αὐτόν. Ἀλλ' ἴσως εἴποι τις ἄν: Οὐδὲν τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ὅτι ἐνταῦθα ἀνετράφη: τί γὰρ εἰ κατὰ ἐμπορίαν ἢ κατ' ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν ἐνταῦθα γέγονας; Ἵνα τοίνυν μὴ διὰ τοῦτο νομισθῇ, ἐπήγαγε, Παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλου: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπε, Παρὰ Γαμαλιήλου, ἀλλὰ, Παρὰ τοὺς πόδας, τὴν καρτερίαν, τὴν προσεδρείαν, τὴν σπουδὴν τὴν περὶ τὴν ἀκρόασιν, τὴν πολλὴν πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα αἰδῶ δεικνύς. Πεπαιδευμένος κατὰ ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς νόμου, ἀλλὰ Τοῦ πατρῴου προστίθησι: δεικνὺς ὅτι ἄνωθεν τοιοῦτος ἦν, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἰδὼς τὸν νόμον. Ταῦτα δὲ δοκεῖ μὲν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων λέγεσθαι, κατ' ἐκείνων δὲ ἦν, εἴ γε καὶ εἰδὼς αὐτὸν εἴασεν. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν τις ἐπενέγκῃ: τί οὖν, εἰ οἶδας μὲν ἀκριβῶς τὸν νόμον, οὐκ ἐκδικεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ φιλεῖς; Ζηλωτὴς, φησὶν, ὑπάρχων: τουτέστιν, οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἰδὼς, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ζηλῶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ μεγάλα περὶ αὐτοῦ ἐγκώμια εἶπε, κοινοῖ τὸν λόγον λοιπὸν, ἐπάγων, Καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον. Δείκνυσι γὰρ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνῳ σκοπῷ ποιοῦντας, ἀλλὰ ζήλῳ θείῳ. Τοῦτο δὲ λέγει, χαριζόμενος αὐτοῖς καὶ προκαταλαμβάνων αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ κατέχων ἐν οἷς βλάβος οὐδὲν ἦν. Εἶτα καὶ τεκμήρια παράγει, λέγων: Ὃς ταύτην τὴν ὁδὸν ἐδίωξα ἕως θανάτου, δεσμεύων καὶ παραδιδοὺς εἰς φυλακὰς ἄνδρας τε καὶ γυναῖκας, ὡς καὶ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς μαρτυρεῖ μοι, καὶ πᾶν τὸ πρεσβυτέριον. Ἵνα μηδεὶς εἴπῃ: Καὶ πόθεν τοῦτο δῆλον; μάρτυρας παράγει αὐτὸν τὸν ἀρχιερέα καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους. Καὶ λέγει μὲν λεαίνων, Ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων καθὼς ὑμεῖς, τουτέστιν, ἴσος ὑμῖν: δείκνυσι δὲ διὰ τῶν ἔργων, ὅτι ὑπὲρ αὐτοὺς ἦν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ περιέμενον ὥστε συλλαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἱερέας διήγειρον, καὶ ἀποδημίας ἐστελλόμην: καὶ οὐδὲ μέχρις ἀνδρῶν ἐχώρουν καθάπερ ὑμεῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναικῶν: καὶ δεσμεύων πάντας, καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήρια ἐμβάλλων. Ἀναμφισβήτητος ἡ μαρτυρία, ἀναπολόγητα τὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὅρα πόσους παράγει μάρτυρας, τὸ πρεσβυτέριον, τὸν ἀρχιερέα, τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει. βʹ. Βλέπε δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν οὐ δειλίας οὖσαν, ἀλλὰ διδασκαλίας μᾶλλον καὶ κατηχήσεως. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ λίθοι ἦσαν οἱ ἀκούοντες, προσεῖχον ἂν τοῖς λεγομένοις. Μέχρι γὰρ τούτου μάρτυρας εἶχεν αὐτοὺς, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ ἀμάρτυρα. Παρ' ὧν καὶ ἐπιστολὰς δεξάμενος, πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς εἰς Δαμασκὸν ἐπορευόμην, ἄξων καὶ τοὺς ἐκεῖσε ὄντας δεδεμένους εἰς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, ἵνα τιμωρηθῶσιν. Ἐγένετο δὲ πορευομένῳ μοι καὶ ἐγγίζοντι τῇ Δαμασκῷ, περὶ μεσημβρίαν ἐξαίφνης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ περιαστράψαι φῶς ἱκανὸν περὶ ἐμὲ, ἔπεσόν τε εἰς τὸ ἔδαφος, καὶ ἤκουον φωνῆς λεγούσης μοι: Σαοὺλ, Σαοὺλ, τί με διώκεις; Ἐγὼ δὲ ἀπεκρίθην: Τίς εἶ, Κύριε; Εἶπέ τε πρός με: Ἐγώ εἰμι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος, ὃν σὺ διώκεις. Μάλιστα μὲν οὖν καὶ ταῦτα ἀξιόπιστα ἔδει εἶναι ἀπὸ τῶν προλαβόντων: οὐ γὰρ ἂν μετεστράφη. Τί οὖν, εἰ κομπάζει; φησίν; Οὐδαμῶς. Διὰ τί γὰρ τοσοῦτον ἐξαίφνης ἔῤῥιψε ζῆλον; εἰπέ μοι. Τιμὴν προσδοκῶν; Καὶ μὴν τἀναντία ὑπέμεινεν: ἀλλ' ἄνεσιν; Οὐδὲ τοῦτο: ἀλλὰ τί ἕτερον; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἀπὸ λογισμῶν εὑρεῖν δυνατόν. Ταῦτα τοίνυν ἀφεὶς αὐτοῖς συλλέγειν, τὰ πράγματα διηγεῖται. Ἐγγίζοντί μοι, φησὶ, τῇ Δαμασκῷ, περὶ μεσημβρίαν ἐξαίφνης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ περιαστράψαι φῶς ἱκανὸν περὶ ἐμὲ, ἔπεσόν τε εἰς τὸ ἔδαφος. Ὅρα πόση ἡ ὑπερβολὴ τοῦ φωτός. Καὶ ὅτι οὐ κομπάζω, οἱ συνόντες μαρτυροῦσιν, οἱ χειραγωγοῦντες, οἱ τὸ φῶς θεασάμενοι. Οἱ δὲ σὺν ἐμοὶ ὄντες τὸ μὲν φῶς ἐθεάσαντο, καὶ ἔμφοβοι ἐγένοντο, τὴν δὲ φωνὴν οὐκ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λαλοῦντός μοι. Μηδὲν ξενισθῇς, εἰ ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὕτως, ἑτέρωθι δὲ λέγει, ὅτι Εἱστήκεισαν τὴν μὲν φωνὴν ἀκούοντες, μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες. Οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο ἐναντίον. Φωναὶ γὰρ δύο ἦσαν, ἡ Παύλου καὶ ἡ τοῦ Κυρίου: τὴν φωνὴν τοίνυν ἐκεῖ τοῦ Παύλου λέγει, ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ προσέθηκεν εἰπὼν, Τὴν φωνὴν οὐκ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λαλοῦντός μοι. Οὐκοῦν τὸ, Μηδένα θεωροῦντες, οὐ τοῦ ἰδεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ μὴ ἀκοῦσαι δηλωτικόν ἐστιν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ὅτι τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔβλεπον: ἀλλὰ, Μηδένα θεωροῦντες εἱστήκεισαν: τουτέστι, λαλοῦντα. Εἰκότως δὲ τοῦτο ἐγένετο: αὐτὸν γὰρ ἔδει τῆς φωνῆς καταξιωθῆναι ἐκείνης. Εἰ γὰρ ἤκουσαν κἀκεῖνοι, οὐκ ἂν τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο τὸ θαῦμα. Ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν οἱ παχύτεροι ὄψει πείθονται μᾶλλον, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐκεῖνοι τὸ φῶς εἶδον μόνον, ὅπερ ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτοὺς πεῖσαι: ὅθεν καὶ ἔμφοβοι γίνονται. Ἄλλως δὲ οὐ περὶ αὐτοὺς τὸ φῶς τοσοῦτον εἰργάσατο, ὅσον περὶ τοῦτον: καὶ γὰρ ἐπήρωσεν αὐτοῦ τὰς ὄψεις, διὰ τῶν εἰς τοῦτον συμβαινόντων κἀκείνοις διδοὺς ἀναβλέψαι, εἴ γε ἤθελον. Ἐμοὶ γοῦν δοκεῖ καὶ οἰκονομικῶς ἐκείνους μὴ πιστεῦσαι, ὥστε εἶναι μάρτυρας ἀξιοπίστους. Εἶπέ τε, φησὶ, πρὸς ἐμέ: Ἐγώ εἰμι Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος, ὃν σὺ διώκεις. Καλῶς καὶ ἡ πόλις πρόσκειται, ὥστε ἐπιγνῶναι αὐτούς. Καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι οὕτως ἔλεγον: Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρέθ. Ὅρα, καὶ αὐτὸς μαρτυρεῖ, ὅτι ἐδιώκετο. Οἱ δὲ σὺν ἐμοὶ ὄντες τὸ μὲν φῶς ἐθεάσαντο, καὶ ἔμφοβοι ἐγένοντο, τὴν δὲ φωνὴν οὐκ ἤκουσαν τοῦ λαλοῦντός μοι. Εἶπον δέ: Τί ποιήσω, Κύριε; Ὁ δὲ Κύριος εἶπε πρός με: Ἀναστὰς πορεύου εἰς Δαμασκὸν, κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται τί σε δεῖ ποιῆσαι. Ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτὸς ἐκείνου, χειραγωγούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν συνόντων μοι, ἦλθον εἰς Δαμασκόν. Ἀνανίας δέ τις ἀνὴρ εὐλαβὴς κατὰ τὸν νόμον, μαρτυρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐν Δαμασκῷ Ἰουδαίων, ἐλθὼν πρός με καὶ ἐπιστὰς, εἶπέ μοι: Σαοὺλ ἀδελφὲ, ἀνάβλεψον. Κἀγὼ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἀνέβλεψα εἰς αὐτόν. Εἴσελθε, φησὶν, εἰς τὴν πόλιν, κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται τί σε δεῖ ποιῆσαι. Ἰδοὺ πάλιν ἄλλος μάρτυς. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς αὐτὸν καὶ ἀξιόπιστον ποιεῖ. Ἀνανίας δέ τις, φησὶν, ἀνὴρ εὐλαβὴς κατὰ τὸν νόμον, μαρτυρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν Ἰουδαίων, εἰσελθὼν πρός με καὶ ἐπιστὰς, εἶπέ μοι: Ἀνάβλεψον. Οὕτως οὐδὲν ἀλλότριόν ἐστι. Κἀγὼ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἀνέβλεψα. Εἶτα ἡ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων μαρτυρία. Καὶ ὅρα διὰ προσώπων καὶ πραγμάτων αὐτὴν πλεκομένην, προσώπων οἰκείων τε καὶ ἀλλοτρίων. Πρόσωπα οἱ ἱερεῖς, οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, οἱ συνοδεύοντες τὰ πράγματα ἃ ἐποίει, ἃ ἔπαθε: καὶ πράγματα πράγμασι μαρτυρεῖ, οὐχὶ πρόσωπα μόνον. Ἢ καὶ ἑτέρως: ἀλλότριος ὁ Ἀνανίας: εἶτα τὸ πρᾶγμα αὐτὸ, ἡ ἀνάβλεψις: εἶτα προφητεία μεγάλη. Ὁ δὲ εἶπε, φησίν: Ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν προεχειρίσατό σε γνῶναι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰδεῖν τὸν δίκαιον. Καλῶς εἶπε, Τῶν πατέρων, ἵνα δείξῃ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ὄντας Ἰουδαίους, ἀλλὰ ἀλλοτρίους τοῦ νόμου, καὶ φθόνῳ, οὐχὶ ζήλῳ ποιοῦντας. Γνῶναι, φησὶ, τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἰδεῖν τὸν δίκαιον. Οὐκοῦν αὐτοῦ θέλημα τοῦτο. Ὅρα πῶς ἐν τάξει διηγήσεως διδασκαλία ἐστί. Καὶ ἀκοῦσαι φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἔσῃ μάρτυς αὐτοῦ πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους, ὧν ἑώρακας καὶ ἤκουσας. Καὶ ἰδεῖν, φησὶ, τὸν δίκαιον: τέως τοῦτο λέγει. Εἰ δὲ δίκαιος, οὗτοι ὑπεύθυνοι. Καὶ ἀκοῦσαι φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ. Ὅρα πῶς τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπαίρει. Ὅτι ἔσῃ, φησὶ, μάρτυς αὐτοῦ. Οὐκοῦν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ προδώσεις τὴν ὄψιν, καὶ τὴν ἀκρόασιν, ὧν τε ἑώρακας ὧν τε ἤκουσας: δι' ἑκατέρων τῶν αἰσθήσεων αὐτὸν πιστοῦται. Καὶ νῦν τί μέλλεις; Ἀναστὰς βάπτισαι, καὶ ἀπόλουσαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου, ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ. γʹ. Ἐνταῦθα μέγα ἐφθέγξατο. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ βάπτισαι: ἀλλ', Ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ δεικνύντος ἐστὶν αὐτὸν Θεὸν ὄντα: οὐ γὰρ ἔνι ἕτερόν τινα ἐπικαλέσασθαι, εἰ μὴ τὸν Θεόν. Εἶτα δείκνυσι καὶ ἑαυτὸν οὐκ ἀναγκασθέντα δι' ὧν λέγει: Ὁ δὲ Κύριος εἶπε πρός με: Πορεύου εἰς Δαμασκὸν, κἀκεῖ σοι λαληθήσεται τί σε δεῖ ποιῆσαι. Οὐδὲν ἀμάρτυρον, ἀλλὰ πόλεως ὁλοκλήρου μαρτυρίαν παράγει, ἥ γε καὶ εἶδεν αὐτὸν χειραγωγούμενον. Ὅρα δὲ καὶ τὴν προφητείαν ἐξελθοῦσαν, ἣν ἤκουσε μάρτυρα αὐτὸν ἔσεσθαι τοῦ Κυρίου. Μάρτυς γὰρ ὄντως αὐτοῦ γέγονε, καὶ μάρτυς ὡς χρὴ, καὶ δι' ὧν ἔπραξε, καὶ δι' ὧν εἶπε. Τοιούτους καὶ ἡμᾶς εἶναι χρὴ μάρτυρας, καὶ μὴ προδιδόναι, ἃ ἐνεπιστεύθημεν: οὐ περὶ δογμάτων λέγω μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ βίου. Ὅρα γάρ: ὅτι εἶδεν, ὅτι ἤκουσε, μαρτυρεῖ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ἐκώλυσε. Καὶ ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν, ὅτι ἔστιν ἀνάστασις καὶ μυρία ἀγαθά: οὐκοῦν ὀφείλομεν τοῦτο μαρτυρῆσαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις. Καὶ μὴν μαρτυροῦμεν, φησὶ, καὶ πιστεύομεν. Πῶς, τἀναντία πράττοντες; Εἰπὲ δή μοι: εἴ τις ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγε Χριστιανὸν, εἶτα ἀποστὰς τὰ Ἰουδαϊκὰ ἐφρόνει, ἄρα ἤρκεσεν ἂν ἡ μαρτυρία αὕτη; Οὐδαμῶς: ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἔργων τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἐζήτουν ἄν. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς, εἰ λέγομεν ὅτι ἀνάστασίς ἐστι καὶ μυρία ἀγαθὰ, εἶτα καταφρονοῦμεν αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ ἐνταῦθα προτιμῶμεν, τίς ἡμῖν πιστεύσει; οὐ γὰρ οἷς λέγομεν, ἀλλ' οἷς πράττομεν προσέχουσιν ἅπαντες. Μάρτυς ἔσῃ, φησὶ, πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους: οὐχὶ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀπίστους: οἱ γὰρ μάρτυρες τοῦτό εἰσιν, οὐχὶ τοὺς εἰδότας πείθουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς οὐκ εἰδότας. Γενώμεθα ἀξιόπιστοι μάρτυρες. Πῶς δὲ ἐσόμεθα ἀξιόπιστοι; Ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου. Ἐπέθεντο ἐκείνῳ Ἰουδαῖοι: ἐπιτίθενται ἡμῖν τὰ πάθη κελεύοντα ἐξομόσασθαι τὴν μαρτυρίαν. Ἀλλὰ μὴ πειθώμεθα: μάρτυρές ἐσμεν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πεμφθέντες. Κρίνεται παρὰ ἀνθρώποις τισὶν ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι Θεός: ἔπεμψεν ἡμᾶς μαρτυρήσοντας αὐτῷ. Μαρτυρήσωμεν καὶ πείσωμεν τοὺς δικάζοντας: ἂν μὴ μαρτυρήσωμεν, καὶ τῆς ἐκείνων πλάνης ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν αἴτιοι. Εἰ δὲ ἐν δικαστηρίῳ, ἔνθα βιωτικὰ πράγματα, οὐκ ἄν τις δέξαιτο μάρτυρα μυρίων γέμοντα κακῶν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐνταῦθα, ἔνθα περὶ τοιούτων πραγμάτων ἡ σκέψις ἐστίν. Ἡμεῖς λέγομεν, ὅτι ἠκούσαμεν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ πιστεύομεν οἷς ἐπηγγείλατο: λέγουσιν ἐκεῖνοι: Δείξατε τοῦτο διὰ τῶν ἔργων: ὁ γὰρ βίος ὑμῶν τὰ ἐναντία μαρτυρεῖ, ὅτι οὐ πιστεύετε. Τοὺς χρηματιζομένους, τοὺς ἁρπάζοντας, τοὺς πλεονεκτοῦντας βούλεσθε ἴδωμεν; τοὺς πενθοῦντας, τοὺς κοπτομένους, τοὺς οἰκοδομοῦντας, τοὺς πάντα πραγματευομένους, ὡς οὐκ ἀποθανουμένους; Εἰ τοίνυν ὅτι ἀποθανεῖσθε οὐ πιστεύετε, πράγματι οὕτω δήλῳ καὶ φανερῷ, πῶς ὑμῖν πιστεύσομεν μαρτυροῦσιν; Εἰσὶ γὰρ, εἰσὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οἳ οὕτω διάκεινται, ὡς οὐκ ἀποθανούμενοι. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐν γήρᾳ μακρῷ ἄρχωνται οἰκοδομεῖν καὶ γεωργεῖν, πότε λογισμὸν λήψονται θανάτου; Οὐ μικρὰ ἡ κόλασις ἡμῖν κληθεῖσι μὲν εἰς μαρτυρίαν, μὴ δυνηθεῖσι δὲ μαρτυρῆσαι ἃ εἴδομεν. Εἴδομεν καὶ ἡμεῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς τοὺς ἀγγέλους, καὶ σαφέστερον τῶν ἑωρακότων. Οὐκοῦν μαρτυρήσωμεν τῷ Χριστῷ: οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἐκεῖνοι μάρτυρες μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμεῖς. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐκεῖνοι λέγονται μάρτυρες, ὅτι κελευόμενοι ἐξομόσασθαι πάντα ὑπομένουσιν, ἵνα τὴν ἀλήθειαν εἴπωσι: καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὅταν ὑπὸ τῶν παθῶν κελευώμεθα ἐξομόσασθαι, μὴ ἡττώμεθα. Ὁ χρυσὸς λέγει: Εἰπὲ, ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς οὐκ ἔστι Χριστός: μὴ οὖν ἄκουε σὺ ὡς Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ καταφρόνησον τῶν ἐκείνου προσταγμάτων. Αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι αἱ πονηραὶ τὸ αὐτὸ λέγουσιν: ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ παραπεισθῇς, ἀλλὰ στῆθι γενναίως, ἵνα μὴ καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν λαληθῇ: Θεὸν ὁμολογοῦσιν εἰδέναι, τοῖς δὲ ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται. Τοῦτο γὰρ οὐ μαρτύρων, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἐναντίον. Καὶ τὸ μὲν τοὺς ἄλλους ἀρνεῖσθαι, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν: τὸ δὲ ἡμᾶς τοὺς εἰς μαρτύριον κληθέντας ἐξάρνους γενέσθαι, βαρὺ καὶ φορτικόν: τοῦτο μάλιστα βλάπτει τὰ ἡμέτερα. Εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς ἀποβήσεται, φησίν: ἀλλ' ὅταν οὐκ ἀποπηδήσωμεν, ὅταν ἐνστῶμεν. Εἰ πάντες ἐβουλόμεθα μαρτυρεῖν τῷ Χριστῷ, ταχέως ἂν ἐπείσαμεν τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς πολλούς. Μέγα βίος, ἀγαπητοί: κἂν σφόδρα θηριώδης ᾖ τις, κἂν φανερῶς οὐ καταγινώσκῃ διὰ τὸ δόγμα, ἀλλ' ἀποδέχεται λάθρα, ἀλλ' ἐπαινέσεται, ἀλλὰ θαυμάσεται. Καὶ πόθεν, φησὶν, ἂν γένοιτο βίος ἄριστος; Οὐδαμόθεν, ἀλλ' ἢ ἀπὸ θείας ἐνεργείας. Τί οὖν, ὅταν καὶ Ἕλληνες ὦσι τοιοῦτοι; Ἐκεῖνοι εἴ που καὶ εἶεν τοιοῦτοι, οἱ μὲν φύσει, οἱ δὲ διὰ κενοδοξίαν. Βούλει μαθεῖν, ὅση ἡ τοῦ βίου λαμπρότης, ὅσην ἔχει τὴν πειθώ; Πολλοὶ τῶν αἱρετικῶν οὕτως ἴσχυσαν, καὶ τὰ δόγματα καίτοι αὐτοῖς ὄντα διεφθαρμένα, οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων αἰδοῖ τῇ περὶ τὸν βίον οὐκ ἔτι τὸ δόγμα ἐξήτασαν: ἄλλοι δὲ καὶ καταγινώσκοντες αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ δόγμα, ᾐδέσθησαν διὰ τὸν βίον: οὐ καλῶς μὲν, πλὴν ὅμως τοῦτο ἔπαθον. Τοῦτο τὰ σεμνὰ τῆς πίστεως τῆς ἡμετέρας διέβαλε, τοῦτο τὰ πάντα ἀνέτρεψε, τὸ μηδένα λόγον εἶναι βίου μηδενὶ, τοῦτο τῇ πίστει λυμαίνεται. Λέγομεν, ὅτι Θεός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς, μυρία καὶ ἕτερα παράγομεν, μετὰ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο, ὅτι ἔπεισεν ἅπαντας ὀρθῶς ζῇν: ἀλλὰ τοῦτο ἐν ὀλίγοις ἐστί. Τὸ τῆς ἀναστάσεως δόγμα λυμαίνεται ἡ τοῦ βίου φαυλότης, τὸ τῆς ἀθανασίας τῆς ψυχῆς, τὸ τῆς κρίσεως: πολλὰ καὶ ἕτερα ἐπισπᾶται, εἱμαρμένην, ἀνάγκην, τὸ ἀπρονόητον. Ψυχὴ γὰρ βαπτισθεῖσα μυρίοις κακοῖς, ὥσπερ τινὰς παραμυθίας ταύτας ἐπινοεῖν ἑαυτῇ πειρᾶται, ἵνα μὴ λυπῆται λογιζομένη, ὅτι κρίσις ἐστὶ, καὶ ὅτι ἐφ' ἡμῖν κεῖται τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς καὶ τὰ τῆς κακίας. Μυρία ὁ βίος ἐργάζεται κακὰ, θηρία τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποιεῖ, καὶ θηρίων ἀλογωτέρους: ἅπερ γὰρ ἐν ἑκάστῃ φύσει τῶν θηρίων ἐστὶ, ταῦτα πολλάκις εἰς ἕνα ἄνθρωπον συνήγαγε, καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀνέτρεψε. Διὰ τοῦτο τὴν εἱμαρμένην εἰσήγαγεν ὁ διάβολος, διὰ τοῦτο ἀπρονόητον ἔφησεν εἶναι τὸν κόσμον, διὰ τοῦτο φύσεις ἀγαθὰς καὶ κακὰς, διὰ τοῦτο κακὸν ἄναρχον καὶ ὑλικὸν ὑποτίθεται, διὰ τοῦτο πάντα πράττει, ἵνα διαφθείρῃ τὸν βίον ἡμῶν. Οὔτε γὰρ ἀπὸ διεφθαρμένων δογμάτων δυνατὸν ἀνενεγκεῖν βίου ὄντα τοιούτου, οὔτε μένειν ἐν ὑγιαινούσῃ πίστει: ἀλλ' ἀνάγκῃ πολλῇ ταῦτα παραδέξασθαι. Οὐ γὰρ οἶμαι ἔγωγε ταχέως τινὰ τῶν οὐκ ὀρθῶς ζώντων εὑρίσκεσθαι, μὴ μυρία σατανικὰ βουλευόμενον, ὅτι γένεσίς ἐστιν, ὅτι ἁπλῶς τὰ πράγματα ἄγεται, ὅτι φύρδην καὶ κεχυμένως πάντα διοικεῖται. Διὸ παρακαλῶ, φροντίζωμεν βίου καλοῦ, ἵνα μὴ παραδεχώμεθα δόγματα πονηρά. Ὁ Κάϊν ἔλαβε τιμωρίαν στένειν καὶ τρέμειν. Τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν οἱ πονηροὶ, καὶ συνειδότες ἑαυτοῖς μυρία κακὰ, πολλάκις ἐξ ὕπνων ἐξάλλονται, θορυβώδεις αὐτῶν οἱ λογισμοὶ, τεταραγμένοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ, ὑποψίας γέμει πάντα, καταπλήττεται πάντα, χαλεπῆς προσδοκίας, δειλίας ἀνάμεστος αὐτῶν ἡ ψυχὴ, φόβῳ συστρεφομένη καὶ τρόμῳ ἀδρανὴς γίνεται. Οὐδὲν τῆς τοιαύτης ψυχῆς μαλακώτερον γένοιτο ἂν, οὐδὲν ἀνοητότερον. Καθάπερ οἱ μαινόμενοι οὐχ ἑστήκασιν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς: οὕτως οὐδὲ ἡ τοιαύτη ἐν ἑαυτῇ ἕστηκε. Πότε οὖν αὕτη εἰς συναίσθησιν ἔλθῃ τοσαύτην ἔχουσα σκοτοδινίαν, ἣν ἀγαπητὸν γαλήνης ἀπολαύουσαν καὶ εὐδίας, δυνηθῆναι ἐπιγνῶναι τὴν οἰκείαν εὐγένειαν; Ὅταν δὲ πάντα αὐτὴν ἐκφοβῇ καὶ ταράττῃ, καὶ ὄνειροι καὶ ῥήματα καὶ σχήματα καὶ ὑποψίαι ἁπλῶς, πότε δυνήσεται εἰς ἑαυτὴν ἰδεῖν, οὕτως ἐκτεταραγμένη καὶ τεθορυβημένη; Λύωμεν τοίνυν αὐτῆς τὸ δέος, διαῤῥήξωμεν τὰ δεσμά. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ κόλασις ἦν, ποίας ταῦτα κολάσεως οὐ χείρω, ὑπὸ φόβῳ ζῇν ἀεὶ, μηδέποτε θαῤῥεῖν, μηδέποτε ἀνίεσθαι; Ταῦτα δὴ πάντα μετὰ ἀκριβείας εἰδότες, ἐν γαλήνῃ ἑαυτοὺς διατηρῶμεν, καὶ ἀρετῆς ἐπιμελώμεθα, ἵνα καὶ ὑγιῆ δόγματα ἔχοντες καὶ βίον ὀρθὸν, ἀπροσκόπτως τὴν παροῦσαν ζωὴν διανύσωμεν, καὶ τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτὸν ἐπιτυχεῖν δυνηθῶμεν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Μονογενοῦς αὐτοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ Πνεύματι, δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.