Much distressed as I was by the flouts of what is called fortune, who always seems to be hindering my meeting you, I was wonderfully cheered and comfo

 Basil to Gregory .

 To Candidianus .

 To Olympius .

 To Nectarius .

 To the wife of Nectarius .

 To Gregory my friend .

 To the Cæsareans .  A defence of his withdrawal, and concerning the faith .

 To Maximus the Philosopher .

 To a widow .

 Without address.  To some friends .

 To Olympius .

 To Olympius .

 To Gregory his friend .

 To Arcadius, Imperial Treasurer .

 Against Eunomius the heretic .

 To Origenes .

 To Macarius and John .

 To Gregory my friend .

 To Leontius the Sophist .

 To Leontius the Sophist .

  Without address.  On the Perfection of the Life of Solitaries .

 To a Solitary .

 To Athanasius, father of Athanasius bishop of Ancyra .

 To Athanasius, bishop of Ancyra .

 To Cæsarius, brother of Gregory .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To the Church of Neocæsarea.  Consolatory .

 To the Church of Ancyra.  Consolatory .

 To Eusebius of Samosata .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Sophronius the Master .

 To Aburgius .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 Without address .

 Without address .

 Without address .

 To his Brother Gregory, concerning the difference between οὐσία and ὑπόστασις.

 Julian to Basil .

 Julian to Basil .

 Basil to Julian .

 To Chilo, his disciple .

 Admonition to the Young .

  To a lapsed Monk .

 To a lapsed Monk .

 To a fallen virgin .

 To Gregory .

 To Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata .

 To Arcadius the Bishop .

 To Bishop Innocentius .

 To Bishop Bosporius .

 To the Canonicæ .

 To the Chorepiscopi .

 To the Chorepiscopi .

 To Paregorius, the presbyter .

 To Pergamius .

 To Meletius, Bishop of Antioch .

 To Gregory my brother .

 To Gregory, his uncle .

 To Gregory his uncle .

 To Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria .

 To the Church of Parnassus .

 To the Governor of Neocæsarea .

 To Hesychius .

 To Atarbius .

 To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .

 To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .

 To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .

 To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .

 Without address .

 Basil to Gregory .

 To Hesychius .

 To Callisthenes .

 To Martinianus .

 To Aburgius .

 To Sophronius the Master .

 Without inscription:  about Therasius .

 Without inscription, on behalf of Elpidius .

 To Eustathius bishop of Sebastia .

 To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .

 To Bishop Innocent .

 To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .

 To a Magistrate .

 To the President .

 That the oath ought not to be taken .

 To the Governor .

 Without address on the same subject .

 Without address on the subject of the exaction of taxes .

 To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .

 To the holy brethren the bishops of the West .

 To Valerianus, Bishop of Illyricum .

 To the Italians and Gauls.

 To the Patrician Cæsaria , concerning Communion .

 To Elias, Governor of the Province .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Sophronius, the master .

 To the Senate of Tyana .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Count Terentius .

  To Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata .

 Consolatory .

 To the citizens of Satala .

  To the people of Satala .

 To the prefect Modestus .

 To the deaconesses, the daughters of Count Terentius .

 To a soldier .

 To the Widow Julitta .

 To the guardian of the heirs of Julitta .

 To the Count Helladius .

 To the prefect Modestus .

  To Modestus, the prefect .

 To Andronicus, a general .

 To the presbyters of Tarsus .

 To Cyriacus, at Tarsus .

 To the heretic Simplicia .

 To Firminius .

 Letter CXVII.

 To Jovinus, Bishop of Perrha .

 To Eustathius, Bishop of Sebasteia .

 To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .

 To Theodotus, bishop of Nicopolis .

 To Pœmenius , bishop of Satala .

 To Urbicius, the monk .

 To Theodorus .

 1.  Both men whose minds have been preoccupied by a heterodox creed and now wish to change over to the congregation of the orthodox, and also those wh

 To Atarbius .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Meletius Bishop of Antioch .

 To Theodotus bishop of Nicopolis .

 To Olympius .

 To Abramius, bishop of Batnæ .

 Letter CXXXIII.

 To the presbyter Pœonius .

 To Diodorus, presbyter of Antioch .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Antipater, on his assuming the governorship of Cappadocia .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To the Alexandrians .

 To the Church of Antioch .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To the prefects’ accountant .

 To another accountant .

 To the prefects’ officer .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Antiochus .

 To Aburgius .

 To Trajan .

 To Trajan .

 To Amphilochius in the name of Heraclidas .

 To Eustathius the Physician .

 To Victor, the Commander .

 To Victor the Ex-Consul .

 To Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica .

 Without address .   In the case of a trainer

 To the Presbyter Evagrius .

 To Amiochus .

 To Antiochus .

 To Eupaterius and his daughter .

 To Diodorus .

 To Amphilochius on his consecration as Bishop .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Count Jovinus .

 To Ascholius .

 To Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To Antiochus .

 Basil to Gregory .

 To Glycerius .

 To Gregory .

 To Sophronius, the bishop .

 To Theodora the Canoness .

 To a Widow .

 To Count Magnenianus .

 To Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium .

 To Saphronius the Master .

 To Aburgius .

 To Arinthæus .

 To the Master Sophronius, on behalf of Eunathius .

 To Otreius, bishop of Melitene .

 To the presbyters of Samosata .

 To the Senate of Samosata .

 To Eustathius, bishop of Himmeria .

 To Theodotus, bishop of Beræa .

 To Antipater, the governor .

 Letter CLXXXVII.

 (CanonicaPrima.)

 To Eustathius the physician .

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .

 To Sophronius the Master .

 To Meletius the Physician .

 To Zoilus .

 To Euphronius, bishop of Colonia Armeniæ .

 To Aburgius .

 To Ambrose, bishop of Milan .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 CanonicaSecunda.

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .

 To the bishops of the sea coast .

 To the Neocæsareans .

 To Elpidius the bishop .

 To Elpidius the bishop. Consolatory .

 To the clergy of Neocæsarea .

 To Eulancius .

 Without address .

 To the notables of Neocæsarea .

 To Olympius .

 To Hilarius .

 Without address .

 1. When I heard that your excellency had again been compelled to take part in public affairs, I was straightway distressed (for the truth must be told

 To the Presbyter Dorotheus.

 To Meletius, bishop of Antioch.

 Letter CCXVII.

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.

 To the clergy of Samosata.

 To the Beræans .

 To the Beræans.

 To the people of Chalcis .

 Against Eustathius of Sebasteia .

 To the presbyter Genethlius.

 I am always very thankful to God and to the emperor, under whose rule we live, when I see the government of my country put into the hands of one who i

 To the ascetics under him.

 Consolatory, to the clergy of Colonia .

 To the magistrates of Colonia.

 To the clergy of Nicopolis.

 To the magistrates of Nicopolis.

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.

 To Amphilochius, in reply to certain questions.

 To the same, in answer to another question.

 To the same, in answer to another question.

 To the same Amphilochius.

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.

 To the presbyters of Nicopolis .

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.

 To the Presbyters of Nicopolis.

 To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .

 To the Westerns .

 To the bishops of Italy and Gaul concerning the condition and confusion of the Churches.

 To Patrophilus, bishop of Ægæ .

 To Theophilus the Bishop .

 To the Nicopolitans.

 To the Nicopolitans.

 To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.

 Without address.  Commendatory.

 To Patrophilus, bishop of Ægæ.

 1.  My occupations are very numerous, and my mind is full of many anxious cares, but I have never forgotten you, my dear friends, ever praying my God

 The honours of martyrs ought to be very eagerly coveted by all who rest their hopes on the Lord, and more especially by you who seek after virtue.  By

 The anxious care which you have for the Churches of God will to some extent be assuaged by our very dear and very reverend brother Sanctissimus the pr

 May the Lord grant me once again in person to behold your true piety and to supply in actual intercourse all that is wanting in my letter.  I am behin

 Would that it were possible for me to write to your reverence every day!  For ever since I have had experience of your affection I have had great desi

 News has reached me of the severe persecution carried on against you, and how directly after Easter the men who fast for strife and debate attacked yo

 To the monks harassed by the Arians.

 1.  It has long been expected that, in accordance with the prediction of our Lord, because of iniquity abounding, the love of the majority would wax c

 To the monks Palladius and Innocent.

 To Optimus the bishop .

 To the Sozopolitans .

 1.  You have done well to write to me.  You have shewn how great is the fruit of charity.  Continue so to do.  Do not think that, when you write to me

 To the Westerns.

 To Barses the bishop, truly God-beloved and worthy of all reverence and honour, Basil sends greeting in the Lord.  As my dear brother Domninus is sett

 To Eulogius, Alexander, and Harpocration, bishops of Egypt, in exile.

 1.  You have very properly rebuked me, and in a manner becoming a spiritual brother who has been taught genuine love by the Lord, because I am not giv

 To Barses, bishop of Edessa, in exile.

 To Eusebius, in exile.

 To the wife of Arinthæus, the General.  Consolatory.

 I am distressed to find that you are by no means indignant at the sins forbidden, and that you seem incapable of understanding, how this raptus , whic

 At once and in haste, after your departure, I came to the town.  Why need I tell a man not needing to be told, because he knows by experience, how dis

 1.  It has been reported to me by Actiacus the deacon, that certain men have moved you to anger against me, by falsely stating me to be ill-disposed t

 Without address.  Concerning Hera.

 To Himerius, the master.

 Without address.  Concerning Hera.

 To the great Harmatius.

 To the learned Maximus.

 To Valerianus.

 To Modestus the Prefect.

 To Modestus the Prefect.

 To Modestus the Prefect.

 To a bishop.

 To a widow.

 To the assessor in the case of monks.

 Without Address.

 To the Commentariensis .

 Without address.

 Without address.  Excommunicatory.

 Without address.  Concerning an afflicted woman.

 To Nectarius.

 To Timotheus the Chorepiscopus .

 Letter CCXCII.

 Letter CCXCIII.

 Letter CCXCIV.

 Letter CCXCV.

 Letter CCXCVI.

 Letter CCXCVII.

 Letter CCXCVIII.

 Letter CCXCIX.

 Letter CCC.

 Letter CCCI.

 Letter CCCII.

 Letter CCCIII.

 Letter CCCIV.

 Letter CCCV.

 Letter CCCVI.

 Letter CCCVII.

 Letter CCCVIII.

 Letter CCCIX.

 Letter CCCX.

 Letter CCCXI.

 Letter CCCXII.

 Letter CCCXIII.

 Letter CCCXIV.

 Letter CCCXV.

 Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.

 Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.

 Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.

 Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.

 Letter CCCXX.

 Letter CCCXXI.

 Letter CCCXXII.

 Letter CCCXXIII.

 Letter CCCXXIV.

 Letter CCCXXV.

 Letter CCCXXVI.

 Letter CCCXXVII.

 Letter CCCXXVIII.

 Letter CCCXXIX.

 Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.

 Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.

 Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.

 Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.

 Letter CCCXXXIV.

 Letter CCCXXXV.

 Letter CCCXXXVI.

 Letter CCCXXXVII.

 Letter CCCXXXVIII.

 Letter CCCXXXIX.

 Letter CCCXL.

 Letter CCCXLI.

 Letter CCCXLII.

 Letter CCCXLIII.

 Letter CCCXLIV.

 Letter CCCXLV.

 Letter CCCXLVI.

 Letter CCCXLVII.

 Letter CCCXLVIII.

 Letter CCCXLIX.

 Letter CCCL.

 Letter CCCLI.

 Letter CCCLII.

 Letter CCCLIII.

 Letter CCCLIV.

 Letter CCCLV.

 Letter CCCLVI.

 Letter CCCLVII.

 Letter CCCLVIII.

 Letter CCCLIX.

 Of the Holy Trinity, the Incarnation, the invocation of Saints, and their Images.

 Letters CCCLXI. and CCCLXIII., to Apollinarius, and Letters CCCLXII. and CCCLXIV., from Apollinarius to Basil, are condemned as indubitably spurious,

 Letters CCCLXI. and CCCLXIII., to Apollinarius, and Letters CCCLXII. and CCCLXIV., from Apollinarius to Basil, are condemned as indubitably spurious,

 Letters CCCLXI. and CCCLXIII., to Apollinarius, and Letters CCCLXII. and CCCLXIV., from Apollinarius to Basil, are condemned as indubitably spurious,

 Letters CCCLXI. and CCCLXIII., to Apollinarius, and Letters CCCLXII. and CCCLXIV., from Apollinarius to Basil, are condemned as indubitably spurious,

 Letters CCCLXI. and CCCLXIII., to Apollinarius, and Letters CCCLXII. and CCCLXIV., from Apollinarius to Basil, are condemned as indubitably spurious,

 Basil to Urbicius the monk, concerning continency.

Letter I.1    Placed in 357.

To Eustathius the Philosopher.2    Another ms. reading is “To Eustathius, Presbyter of Antioch.”  The Benedictine note is “Eustathius was not a Presbyter, but a heathen, as is indicated by Basil’s words, ‘Are not these things work of fate,—of necessity, as you would say?’”

Much distressed as I was by the flouts of what is called fortune, who always seems to be hindering my meeting you, I was wonderfully cheered and comforted by your letter, for I had already been turning over in my mind whether what so many people say is really true, that there is a certain Necessity or Fate which rules all the events of our lives both great and small, and that we human beings have control over nothing; or, that at all events, all human life is driven by a kind of luck.3    The word τύχη does not occur in the N.T.  You will be very ready to forgive me for these reflexions, when you learn by what causes I was led to make them.

On hearing of your philosophy, I entertained a feeling of contempt for the teachers of Athens, and left it.  The city on the Hellespont I passed by, more unmoved than any Ulysses, passing Sirens’ songs.4    ὡς ουδεὶς ᾽Οδυσσεύς.  The Ben. translation is “citius quam quisquam Ulysses.”  But the reason of the escape of Ulysses was not his speed, but his stopping the ears of his crew with wax and tying himself to the mast.  cf. Hom. Od. xii. 158.  The “city on the Hellespont,” is, according to the Ben. note, Constantinople; but Constantinople is more than 100 m. from the Dardanelles, and Basil could hardly write so loosely.

Asia5    Apparently not the Roman Province of Asia, but what we call Asia Minor, a name which came into use in Basil’s century.  The “metropolis” is supposed to mean Cæsarea. I admired; but I hurried on to the capital of all that is best in it.  When I arrived home, and did not find you,—the prize which I had sought so eagerly,—there began many and various unexpected hindrances.  First I must miss you because I fell ill; then when you were setting out for the East I could not start with you; then, after endless trouble, I reached Syria, but I missed the philosopher, who had set out for Egypt.  Then I must set out for Egypt, a long and weary way, and even there I did not gain my end.  But so passionate was my longing that I must either set out for Persia, and proceed with you to the farthest lands of barbarism, (you had got there; what an obstinate devil possessed me!) or settle here at Alexandria.  This last I did.  I really think that unless, like some tame beast, I had followed a bough held out to me till I was quite worn out, you would have been driven on and on beyond Indian Nyssa,6    Νύσιος=᾽Ινδικός.  cf. Soph. Aj. 707.  Nyssa was in the Punjab. or any more remote region, and wandered about out there.  Why say more?

On returning home, I cannot meet you, hindered by lingering ailments.  If these do not get better I shall not be able to meet you even in the winter.  Is not all this, as you yourself say, due to Fate?  Is not this Necessity?  Does not my case nearly outdo poets’ tales of Tantalus?  But, as I said, I feel better after getting your letter, and am now no longer of the same mind.  When God gives good things I think we must thank Him, and not be angry with Him while He is controlling their distribution.  So if He grant me to join you, I shall think it best and most delightful; if He put me off, I will gently endure the loss.  For He always rules our lives better than we could choose for ourselves.

ΕΥΣΤΑΘΙῼ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦῼ

[1] Ἀπειρηκότα με ἤδη πρὸς τὰς παρὰ τῆς τύχης ἐπηρείας, παρ' ἧς ἀεί τι πρὸς τὸ μὴ συγγενέσθαι σοι ἐμπόδιον γέγονε, θαυμαστῶς πως ἀνεκαλέσω καὶ παρεμυθήσω τοῖς γράμμασι. Καὶ γάρ πως ἤδη καὶ κατ' ἐμαυτὸν ἔστρεφον μή ποτε ἀληθές ἐστι τὸ παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν θρυλούμενον, ὅτι ἀνάγκη τίς ἐστι καὶ εἱμαρμένη ἡ καὶ τὰ μικρὰ καὶ τὰ μείζω τῶν ἡμετέρων ἄγουσα, αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐδενός ἐσμεν οἱ ἄνθρωποι κύριοι: ἤ, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο, τύχη τις πάντως τὸν ἀνθρώπινον ἐλαύνει βίον. Καὶ τούτων πολλὴν συγγνώμην ἕξεις τῶν λογισμῶν, ἐπειδὰν τὰς αἰτίας ὑφ' ὧν εἰς αὐτοὺς προήχθην μάθῃς. Ἐγὼ κατέλιπον τὰς Ἀθήνας κατὰ φήμην τῆς σῆς φιλοσοφίας ὑπεριδὼν τῶν ἐκεῖ. Παρέδραμον δὲ τὴν ἐφ' Ἑλλησπόντῳ πόλιν ὡς οὐδεὶς Ὀδυσσεὺς Σειρήνων μέλη. Καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐθαύμασα μέν, πρὸς δὲ τὴν μητρόπολιν τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ καλῶν ἠπειγόμην. Ἐπεὶ δὲ κατέλαβον τὴν πατρίδα καὶ σὲ ἐν αὐτῇ τὸ μέγα ὄφελος ζητήσας οὐχ εὗρον, ἐντεῦθέν μοι λοιπὸν αἱ πολλαὶ καὶ ποικίλαι ἀφορμαὶ τῶν ἀδοκήτων ἐπιγεγόνασι κωλυμάτων. Ἢ γὰρ ἀσθενεῖν πάντως ἔδει καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀπολείπεσθαι, ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν ἑῴαν βαδίζοντι συναπαίρειν μὴ δύνασθαι, ὀψὲ δέ ποτε μυρίοις πόνοις τὴν Συρίαν καταλαβόντα οὐκ ἔχειν συνεῖναι τῷ φιλοσόφῳ πρὸς Αἰγυπτίους ἀπάραντι. Πάλιν οὖν ἔδει Αἴγυπτόνδε ἰέναι, δολιχὴν ὁδὸν ἀργαλέην τε, καὶ οὐδ' ἐνταῦθα τὸ σπουδαζόμενον ἔχειν. Ἀλλ' οὕτω δύσερως ἦν ὥστε ἢ τὴν ἐπὶ Πέρσας βαδίζειν ἔδει καὶ συμπροϊέναι εἰς ὅτι μήκιστον τῆς βαρβάρων (ἦλθες γὰρ κἀκεῖσε, τοσαύτη τις ἦν φιλονεικία τοῦ δαίμονος), ἢ αὐτοῦ καθῆσθαι ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου, ὅπερ οὖν καὶ συνέβη. Δοκῶ γάρ μοι, εἰ μὴ ὥσπερ τι θρέμμα θαλλῷ προδεικνυμένῳ ἑπόμενος ἀπηγόρευσα, ἐπέκεινα ἄν σε καὶ Νύσης τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἐλθεῖν ἀγόμενον, καί, εἴ τι ἔσχατον τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένης χωρίον, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπιπλανηθῆναι. Καὶ τί δεῖ τὰ πολλὰ λέγειν; Ἀλλὰ τὸ τελευταῖον νῦν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς χώρας διάγοντι συγγενέσθαι οὐκ ἐξεγένετο, μακραῖς ἀρρωστίαις ἐξειργομένῳ: αἵ, εἰ μὴ τοῦ γε λοιποῦ μετριώτεραι γένοιντο, οὐδὲ κατὰ τὸν χειμῶνα τῇ λογιότητί σου συνεσόμεθα. Ταῦτα οὐχ εἱμαρμένης ἔργα, ὡς ἂν αὐτὸς εἴποις; Ταῦτα οὐκ ἀνάγκης; Ταῦτα οὐχί, μικροῦ δεῖν, καὶ τοὺς τῶν ποιητῶν ἐπὶ Ταντάλῳ μύθους ὑπερεβάλετο; Ἀλλ', ὅπερ ἔφην, ῥᾴων γέγονα τοῖς γράμμασι καὶ οὐκέτι ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς εἰμι γνώμης. Φημὶ δὲ χρῆναι διδόντι μὲν τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῷ Θεῷ χάριν εἰδέναι, ταμιευομένῳ δὲ μὴ δυσχεραίνειν Καὶ δὴ οὖν καὶ ἡμῖν, εἰ μὲν παράσχοι τὸ συνεῖναί σοι, ταῦτ' ἄριστά τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἥδιστα ἡγησόμεθα. Εἰ δὲ ἀναβάλοιτο, πράως οἴσομεν τὴν ζημίαν. Ἄμεινον γάρ που πάντως ἢ ὡς ἂν ἡμεῖς προϊδοίμεθα διοικεῖ τὰ ἡμέτερα.