A Letter from Origen to Gregory.

A Letter from Origen to Gregory.1    This Gregory, styled the Wonder-worker, (Thaumaturgus) was afterwards bishop of Neo-Cæsarea.

1.  Greeting in God, my most excellent sir, and venerable son Gregory, from Origen.  A natural readiness of comprehension, as you well know, may, if practice be added, contribute somewhat to the contingent end, if I may so call it, of that which any one wishes to practise.  Thus, your natural good parts might make of you a finished Roman lawyer or a Greek philosopher, so to speak, of one of the schools in high reputation.  But I am anxious that you should devote all the strength of your natural good parts to Christianity for your end; and in order to this, I wish to ask you to extract from the philosophy of the Greeks what may serve as a course of study or a preparation for Christianity, and from geometry and astronomy what will serve to explain the sacred Scriptures, in order that all that the sons of the philosophers are wont to say about geometry and music, grammar, rhetoric, and astronomy, as fellow-helpers to philosophy, we may say about philosophy itself, in relation to Christianity.

2.  Perhaps something of this kind is shadowed forth in what is written in Exodus from the mouth of God, that the children of Israel were commanded to ask from their neighbours, and those who dwelt with them, vessels of silver and gold, and raiment, in order that, by spoiling the Egyptians, they might have material for the preparation of the things which pertained to the service of God.  For from the things which the children of Israel took from the Egyptians the vessels in the holy of holies were made,—the ark with its lid, and the Cherubim, and the mercy-seat, and the golden coffer, where was the manna, the angels’ bread.  These things were probably made from the best of the Egyptian gold.  An inferior kind would be used for the solid golden candlestick near the inner veil, and its branches, and the golden table on which were the pieces of shewbread, and the golden censer between them.  And if there was a third and fourth quality of gold, from it would be made the holy vessels; and the other things would be made of Egyptian silver.  For when the children of Israel dwelt in Egypt, they gained this from their dwelling there, that they had no lack of such precious material for the utensils of the service of God.  And of the Egyptian raiment were probably made all those things which, as the Scripture mentions, needed sewed and embroidered work, sewed with the wisdom of God, the one to the other, that the veils might be made, and the inner and the outer courts.  And why should I go on, in this untimely digression, to set forth how useful to the children of Israel were the things brought from Egypt, which the Egyptians had not put to a proper use, but which the Hebrews, guided by the wisdom of God, used for God’s service?  Now the sacred Scripture is wont to represent as an evil the going down from the land of the children of Israel into Egypt, indicating that certain persons get harm from sojourning among the Egyptians, that is to say, from meddling with the knowledge of this world, after they have subscribed to the law of God, and the Israelitish service of Him.  Ader2    Origen evidently confounds Hadad the Edomite, of 1 Kings xi. 14, with Jeroboam. at least, the Idumæan; so long as he was in the land of Israel, and had not tasted the bread of the Egyptians, made no idols.  It was when he fled from the wise Solomon, and went down into Egypt, as it were flying from the wisdom of God, and was made a kinsman of Pharaoh by marrying his wife’s sister, and begetting a child, who was brought up with the children of Pharaoh, that he did this.  Wherefore, although he did return to the land of Israel, he returned only to divide the people of God, and to make them say to the golden calf, “These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up from the land of Egypt.”3    [1 Kings xii. 28.  S.]  And I may tell you from my experience, that not many take from Egypt only the useful, and go away and use it for the service of God; while Ader the Idumæan has many brethren.  These are they who, from their Greek studies, produce heretical notions, and set them up, like the golden calf, in Bethel, which signifies “God’s house.”  In these words also there seems to me an indication that they have set up their own imaginations in the Scriptures, where the word of God dwells, which is called in a figure Bethel.  The other figure, the word says, was set up in Dan.  Now the borders of Dan are the most extreme, and nearest the borders of the Gentiles, as is clear from what is written in Joshua, the son of Nun.  Now some of the devices of these brethren of Ader, as we call them, are also very near the borders of the Gentiles.

3.  Do you then, my son, diligently apply yourself to the reading of the sacred Scriptures.  Apply yourself, I say.  For we who read the things of God need much application, lest we should say or think anything too rashly about them.  And applying yourself thus to the study of the things of God, with faithful prejudgments such as are well pleasing to God, knock at its locked door, and it will be opened to you by the porter, of whom Jesus says, “To him the porter opens.”4    John x. 3.  And applying yourself thus to the divine study, seek aright, and with unwavering trust in God, the meaning of the holy Scriptures, which so many have missed.  Be not satisfied with knocking and seeking; for prayer is of all things indispensable to the knowledge of the things of God.  For to this the Saviour exhorted, and said not only, “Knock, and it shall be opened to you; and seek, and ye shall find,”5    Matt. vii. 7. but also, “Ask, and it shall be given unto you.”6    Luke xi. 9.  My fatherly love to you has made me thus bold; but whether my boldness be good, God will know, and His Christ, and all partakers of the Spirit of God and the Spirit of Christ.  May you also be a partaker, and be ever increasing your inheritance, that you may say not only, “We are become partakers of Christ,”7    Heb. iii. 14. but also partakers of God.

[1] Χαῖρε ἐν θεῷ, κύριέ μου σπουδαιότατε καὶ αἰδεσιμώτατε υἱὲ Γρηγόριε, παρὰ Ὠριγένους. Ἡ εἰς σύνεσιν, ὡς οἶσθα, εὐφυΐα ἔργον φέρειν δύναται ἄσκησιν προσλαβοῦσα, ἄγον ἐπὶ τὸ κατὰ τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον, ἵν' οὕτως ὀνομάσω, τέλος ἐκείνου, ὅπερ ἀσκεῖν τις βούλεται. δύναται οὖν ἡ εὐφυΐα σου Ῥωμαῖόν σε νομικὸν ποιῆσαι τέλειον καὶ Ἑλληνικόν τινα φιλόσοφον τῶν νομιζομένων ἐλλογίμων αἱρέσεων. ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τῇ πάσῃ τῆς εὐφυΐας δυνάμει σου ἐβουλόμην καταχρήσασθαί σε τελικῶς μὲν εἰς χριστιανισμόν: ποιητικῶς δὲ διὰ τοῦτ' ἂν ηὐξάμην παραλαβεῖν σε καὶ φιλοσοφίας Ἑλλήνων τὰ οἱονεὶ εἰς χριστιανισμὸν δυνάμενα γενέσθαι ἐγκύκλια μαθήματα ἢ προπαιδεύματα, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ γεωμετρίας καὶ ἀστρονομίας χρήσιμα ἐσόμενα εἰς τὴν τῶν ἱερῶν γραφῶν διήγησιν: ἵν', ὅπερ φασὶ φιλοσόφων παῖδες περὶ γεωμετρίας καὶ μουσικῆς γραμματικῆς τε καὶ ῥητορικῆς καὶ ἀστρονομίας, ὡς συνερίθων φιλοσοφίᾳ, τοῦθ' ἡμεῖς εἴπωμεν καὶ περὶ αὐτῆς φιλοσοφίας πρὸς χριστιανισμόν.

[2] Καὶ τάχα τοιοῦτό τι αἰνίσσεται τὸ ἐν Ἐξόδῳ γεγραμμένον ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα λεχθῇ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ αἰτεῖν παρὰ γειτόνων καὶ συσκήνων [σκεύη ἀργυρᾶ καὶ χρυσᾶ καὶ ἱματισμόν:] ἵνα σκυλεύσαντες τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους εὕρωσιν ὕλην πρὸς τὴν κατασκευὴν τῶν παραλαμβανομένων εἰς τὴν πρὸς θεὸν λατρείαν. ἐκ γὰρ ὧν ἐσκύλευσαν τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις τῶν ἁγίων κατεσκεύασται, ἡ κιβωτὸς μετὰ τοῦ ἐπιθέματος καὶ τὰ χερουβὶμ καὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον καὶ ἡ χρυσῆ στάμνος, ἐν ᾗ ἀπέκειτο τὸ μάννα τῶν ἀγγέλων ὁ ἄρτος. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἀπὸ τοῦ καλλίστου τῶν Αἰγυπτίων εἰκὸς γεγονέναι χρυσοῦ: ἀπὸ δὲ δευτέρου τινὸς παρ' ἐκεῖνον ἡ στερεὰ δι' ὅλου χρυσῆ λυχνία, πλησίον τοῦ ἐσωτέρου καταπετάσματος, καὶ οἱ ἐπ' αὐτῆς λύχνοι, καὶ ἡ χρυσῆ τράπεζα, ἐφ' ἧς ἦσαν οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως, καὶ μεταξὺ ἀμφοτέρων τὸ χρυσοῦν θυμιατήριον. εἰ δέ τις ἦν τρίτος καὶ τέταρτος χρυσὸς, ἐξ ἐκείνου κατεσκευάζετο τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια. καὶ ἀπὸ ἀργύρου δὲ Αἰγυπτίου ἄλλα ἐγίνετο: ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ γὰρ παροικοῦντες οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκεῖ παροικίας κεκερδήκασι, τὸ εὐπορῆσαι τοσαύτης ὕλης τιμίας εἰς τὰ χρήσιμα τῇ λατρείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ. ἀπὸ δὲ Αἰγυπτίων ἱματισμοῦ εἰκὸς γεγονέναι ὅσα ἐδεήθη ἔργων, ὡς ὠνόμασεν ἡ γραφὴ, [ῥαφιδευτῶν,] συῤῥαπτόντων τῶν ῥαφιδευτῶν μετὰ σοφίας θεοῦ τὰ τοιάδε ἱμάτια τοῖς τοιοισδὶ, ἵνα γένηται τὰ καταπετάσματα καὶ αἱ αὐλαῖαι ἐξωτέρω καὶ ἐσωτέρω.

[3] Καὶ τί με δεῖ ἀκαίρως παρεκβαίνοντα κατασκευάζειν, εἰς ὅσα χρήσιμά ἐστι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ τὰ ἀπ' Αἰγύπτου παραλαμβανόμενα, οἷς Αἰγύπτιοι μὲν οὐκ εἰς δέον ἐχρῶντο, Ἑβραῖοι δὲ διὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίαν εἰς θεοσέβειαν ἐχρήσαντο; οἶδεν μέντοι ἡ θεία γραφή τισι πρὸς κακοῦ γεγονέναι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ εἰς Αἴγυπτον καταβεβηκέναι: αἰνισσομένη, ὅτι τισὶ πρὸς κακοῦ γίνεται τὸ παροικῆσαι τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις, τουτέστι τοῖς τοῦ κόσμου μαθήμασι, μετὰ τὸ ἐντραφῆναι τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῇ Ἰσραηλιτικῇ εἰς αὐτὸν θεραπείᾳ. Ἄδερ γοῦν ὁ Ἰδουμαῖος, ὅσον μὲν ἐν τῇ γῇ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἦν, μὴ γευόμενος τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἄρτων, εἴδωλα οὐ κατεσκεύαζεν: ὅτε δὲ ἀποδρὰς τὸν σοφὸν Σολομῶντα κατέβη εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ὡς ἀποδρὰς ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας συγγενὴς γέγονε τῷ Φαραὼ, γήμας τὴν ἀδελφὴν τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τεκνοποιῶν τὸν τρεφόμενον μεταξὺ τῶν παίδων τοῦ Φαραώ. διόπερ, εἰ καὶ ἐπανελήλυθεν εἰς τὴν γῆν Ἰσραὴλ, ἐπὶ τῷ διασχίσαι τὸν λαὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπανελήλυθεν, καὶ ποιῆσαι αὐτοὺς εἰπεῖν ἐπὶ τῇ χρυσῇ δαμάλει: [οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ θεοί σου, Ἰσραὴλ, οἱ ἀναγαγόντες σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου.] κἀγὼ δὲ τῇ πείρᾳ μαθὼν εἴποιμ' ἄν σοι, ὅτι σπάνιος μὲν ὁ τὰ χρήσιμα τῆς Αἰγύπτου λαβὼν καὶ ἐξελθὼν ταύτης καὶ κατασκευάσας τὰ πρὸς τὴν λατρείαν τοῦ θεοῦ: πολὺς δὲ ὁ τοῦ Ἰδουμαίου Ἄδερ ἀδελφός. οὗτοι δέ εἰσιν οἱ ἀπό τινος Ἑλληνικῆς ἐντρεχείας αἱρετικὰ γεννήσαντες νοήματα, καὶ οἱονεὶ δαμάλεις χρυσᾶς κατασκευάσαντες ἐν Βαιθὴλ, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται οἶκος θεοῦ. δοκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ διὰ τούτων ὁ λόγος αἰνίσσεσθαι, ὅτι τὰ ἴδια ἀναπλάσματα ἀνέθηκαν ταῖς γραφαῖς, ἐν αἷς οἰκεῖ λόγος θεοῦ, τροπικῶς Βαιθὴλ καλουμέναις. τὸ δ' ἄλλο ἀνάπλασμα ἐν Δάν φησιν ὁ λόγος ἀνατεθεῖσθαι. τοῦ δὲ Δὰν τὰ ὅρια τελευταῖά ἐστιν, καὶ ἐγγὺς τῶν ἐθνικῶν ὁρίων: ὡς δῆλον ἐκ τῶν ἀναγεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ τοῦ Ναυῆ Ἰησοῦ. ἐγγὺς οὖν εἰσιν ἐθνικῶν ὁρίων τινὰ τῶν ἀναπλασμάτων, ἅπερ ἀνέπλασαν οἱ τοῦ Ἄδερ, ὡς ἀποδεδώκαμεν, ἀδελφοί.

[4] Σὺ οὖν, κύριε υἱὲ, προηγουμένως πρόσεχε τῇ τῶν θείων γραφῶν ἀναγνώσει: ἀλλὰ πρόσεχε. πολλῆς γὰρ προσοχῆς ἀναγινώσκοντες τὰ θεῖα δεόμεθα: ἵνα μὴ προπετέστερον εἴπωμέν τινα ἢ νοήσωμεν περὶ αὐτῶν. καὶ προσέχων τῇ τῶν θείων ἀναγνώσει μετὰ πιστῆς καὶ θεῷ ἀρεσκούσης προλήψεως κροῦε τὰ κεκλεισμένα αὐτῆς, καὶ ἀνοιγήσεταί σοι ὑπὸ τοῦ θυρωροῦ, περὶ οὗ εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς: [τούτῳ ὁ θυρωρὸς ἀνοίγει.] καὶ προσέχων τῇ θείᾳ ἀναγνώσει ὀρθῶς ζήτει καὶ μετὰ πίστεως τῆς εἰς θεὸν ἀκλινοῦς τὸν κεκρυμμένον τοῖς πολλοῖς νοῦν τῶν θείων γραμμάτων. μὴ ἀρκοῦ δὲ τῷ κρούειν καὶ ζητεῖν: ἀναγκαιοτάτη γὰρ καὶ ἡ περὶ τοῦ νοεῖν τὰ θεῖα εὐχή: ἐφ' ἣν προτρέπων ὁ σωτὴρ οὐ μόνον εἶπεν τό: [κρούετε, καὶ ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν:] καὶ τό: [ζητεῖτε, καὶ εὑρήσετε:] ἀλλὰ καὶ τό: [αἰτεῖτε, καὶ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν.] ταῦτα ἀπὸ τῆς πρός σε ἐμοῦ πατρικῆς ἀγάπης τετόλμηται. εἰ δ' εὖ ἔχει τὰ τετολμημένα ἢ μὴ, θεὸς ἂν εἰδείη καὶ ὁ χριστὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ὁ μετέχων πνεύματος θεοῦ καὶ πνεύματος χριστοῦ. μετέχοις δὲ σὺ, καὶ ἀεὶ αὔξοις τὴν μετοχὴν, ἵνα λέγῃς οὐ μόνον τό: [μέτοχοι τοῦ χριστοῦ γεγόναμεν,] ἀλλὰ καὶ: μέτοχοι τοῦ θεοῦ γεγόναμεν.